the kinetics and mechanisms of the substitution reactions of trans-[co(en)2cncl]+ with unidentate anions,  , cn¯, i¯,  , br¯ and scn¯ in 60% v/v dmf-h2o binary solvent at 40.0±0.2 °c were studied spectrophotometrically. an id mechanism was assigned for the replacement of chlorine by , cn¯ and i¯, an ia one for the entry of  and scn¯, and a d mechanism for br¯ entry. comparing the interchange ra...

The index is excellent by the Malmquist index as extended to productivity measurement. The index developed here is defined in terms of input cost rather than input quantity distance functions in supply chain. Therefore, we propose productivity change is decomposed into overall efficiency and cost technical change. These decompositions provide a clearer situation of the root sources of supply ch...

OBJECTIVE US is a promising tool in evaluating RA synovitis, but abnormal US findings have been reported in small subsets of normal joints in healthy subjects. This study aimed to systematically assess greyscale US (GSUS) and power Doppler US (PDUS) findings in 40 peripheral joints-the 28-joint DAS (DAS28) set, ankles and MTP joints-in healthy subjects. A composite score of abnormal US findings...

We propose a CUSUM type test for constant correlation that goes beyond a previously suggested correlation constancy test by considering Spearman’s rho in arbitrary dimensions. By using copula-based expressions, we simultaneously extend a previously suggested copula constancy test. We calculate the asymptotic null distribution using an invariance principle for the sequential empirical copula pro...

Rain is one of the important hydrological components. Factors that affect amount rainfall in an area are temperature, air humidity, pressure and wind direction. Previous research stated there a strong relationship between temperature rainfall. This was conducted to find out how monthly occurs Padang City average each month for last 30 years. The method used use quantitative methods using descri...

Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (denoted here by rs) is a nonparametric (distribution-free) rank statistic proposed by Charles Spearman as a measure of the strength of the associations between two variables. It is a measure of a monotone association that is used when the distribution of the data makes Pearson’s correlation coefficient undesirable or misleading. Spearman’s coefficient is...

Conditional independence (CI) tests underlie many approaches to model testing and structure learning in causal inference. Most existing CI for categorical ordinal data stratify the sample by conditioning variables, perform simple each stratum, combine results. Unfortunately, statistical power of this approach degrades rapidly as number variables increases. Here we propose a unified test that ma...

Few would dispute the claim that Charles Edward Spearman (1863-1945) is Britain’s premier psychologist and indeed one of the enduring figures in the history of behavioral science. Some twenty years ago, I asked a number of psychologists to list the names of whomever they considered to be the five or six most important persons in the history of psychological testing. Among all the nominations, o...