These are Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris (the only known species of Balamuthia), Naegleria fowleri (sometimes considered not to be an amoeba at all, but more closely related to Leishmania and Trypanosoma) and Sappinia pedata. They are distinct from the more famous Entamoeba histolytica (an obligate anaerobic parasite which can cause amoebiasis, amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver ab...

leptospirosis is an acute infectious, systemic and septisemic disease which had recent outbreaks in some parts of iran especially in north provinces. rapid detection is a critical step for treatment and control of this disease. in this research a pcr based method was evaluated for detection of iranian local endemic serovars. all reported endemic serovars of leptospira including leptospira gripp...

Background: GAI and MPSIIIB are two rare genetic disorders caused by pathogenic variants in two different genes. Here, we report a coexistence of these two different rare disorders in an individual. Methods: A four-year-old Iranian boy born to first-cousin parents suspected to have MPSIIIB and/or GAI was investigated in this study. Targeted genomic enrichment and NGS were used to examine genes ...

We resolved the relationships between 2 pandemic clones of Vibrio cholerae. Using 26 housekeeping genes, we showed that the US Gulf clone, the Australian clone, and 3 El Tor strains isolated before the seventh pandemic were related to the seventh pandemic clone. The sixth pandemic clone was well separated from them.

The study of microbial pathogenesis has been primarily a reductionist science since Koch's principles. Reductionist approaches are essential to identify the causal agents of infectious disease, their molecular mechanisms of action, and potential drug targets, and much of medicine's success in the treatment of infectious disease stems from that approach. But many bacteria-caused diseases cannot ...

The outer blood-retinal barrier is formed, among its various components, by the RPE tight junctions. The intercellular cohesiveness of the RPE is not easily disrupted. Tight junctions appear as a necklace of strands that encircle each cell, binding each cell to its neighbors in a monolayer that separate the outer layer of the neural retina from the choriocapillaris(3). Choriocapillaris is a gre...

This well-known book has been thoroughly revised and brought up-to-date; it is now in its eighth edition. The writers have succeeded in producing a manual which is not merely a collection of facts but is a wellbalanced and readable book in which the student and practitioner will find all that is of importance in the science and practice of bacteriology. One says bacteriology, because, although ...