the present research aims to analyze the orthographic errors of german-speaking learners of persian at the elementary level. to do so, pieces of writing of 34 students were gathered via self-motivated method and examined based on the corpus of orthographic errors, using the frameworks proposed by keshavarz (1994) and ziahoseini (1999). 850 phonological, morphological, and orthographical errors ...

Previous research has shown that speakers do not produce all non-native phonotactic sequences with equal accuracy. Several reasons for these accuracy differences have been proposed, including markedness, analogical extension from permitted sequences, and language-independent phonetic factors. In this study, evidence from the production of unattested obstruent-initial onset clusters by English a...

In a discrimination experiment on several Tashlhiyt Berber singleton-geminate contrasts, we find that French listeners encounter substantial difficulty compared to native speakers. Native listeners of Tashlhiyt perform near ceiling level on all contrasts. French listeners perform better on final contrasts such as fit-fitt than initial contrasts such as bi-bbi or sir-ssir. That is, French listen...

The present study investigates a series of techniques used to capture the durational differences of oral stops in Marathi, an Indic language that exhibits a four-way phonemic distinction among oral stops. Like many of its Indic relatives, Marathi utilizes both voicing and aspiration to achieve oral stop contrasts, yielding aspirated and plain versions of both voiced and voiceless stops. While v...

Korean has two types of voiceless alveolar fricatives One is called aspirated and the other tense (Kagaya, 1974) The aspirated fricatives have also been called lax fricatives because phonolog1cally they act hke a lax obstruent, undergomg a set of processes that lax stops do For example, Korean lax stops and Isl undergo post-obstruent tensmg {Sohn 1999) Aspirated stops (e g, ch), however, do not...