Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the causative agent of johne's disease whose immunopathology mainly depends on cell mediated immuneresponse. Genome sequencing revealed various PPE (Proline-Proline-Glutamic acid) protein family of Map which are immunologically importance candidate genes In present study we have developed a bicistrionic construct pIR PPE/IFN containing a 34.9...

The accumulation of eosinophils in inflammatory foci is a hallmark characteristic of Th2 inflammation. Nevertheless, the expression of inhibitory receptors such as paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIR-B) and their function regulating eosinophil accumulation have received limited attention. We now report that Pirb was up-regulated in an eosinophil-dependent manner in the lungs of allergen-...

We prove that the redundancy of a k-server PIR code of dimension s is Ω( √ s) for all k > 3. This coincides with a known upper bound of O( √ s) on the redundancy of PIR codes. Moreover, for k = 3 and k = 4, we determine the lowest possible redundancy of k-server PIR codes exactly. Similar results were proved independently byMary Wootters using a different method. Given two binary vectors u = (u...

1 Department of Biochemistry, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. 2 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. 3 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. 4 Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan. 5 Pakistan Science Foundation, Isla...

Suppose a database containing M records is replicated across N servers, and a user wants to privately retrieve one record by accessing the servers such that identity of the retrieved record is secret against any up to T servers. A scheme designed for this purpose is called a T -private information retrieval (T PIR) scheme. Three indexes are concerned for PIR schemes: (1) rate, indicating the am...

Paired Ig-like receptors (PIR) that can reciprocally modulate cellular activation have been described in mammals. In the present study, we searched expressed sequence tag databases for PIR relatives to identify chicken expressed sequence tags predictive of approximately 25% amino acid identity to mouse PIR. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR extension of expressed sequence-tag sequence...

Multifunctional central pattern generators (CPGs) are circuits of neurons that can generate manifold actions from a single effector system. This study examined a bilateral pair of pharyngeal motor neurons, designated B67, that participate in the multifunctional feeding network of Aplysia californica. Fictive buccal motor programs (BMPs) were elicited with four distinct stimulus paradigms to ass...

Pyroelectric infrared sensors (PIR sensors) can be used to detect the presence of humans without the need for them to carry any device; therefore, they are very suitable for home/office automation. Install the PIR sensors on ceiling where the location of sensors are known. By combining the detection information of multiple PIR sensors, the locations of humans can be identified. In this study, w...