To determine degree of conversion (DC), maximum polymerization rate (RPmax), shrinkage (PS), (PS Rmax) and fracture toughness (KIC) different types bulk-fill (BF) composites plus the effect viscosity reduction techniques. BF specimens were created in 2 mm deep molds: SonicFill 3 (SF3), Viscalor (VC), One Bulk Fill (OBF) Beautifil (BBR). SF3 was applied via sonic insertion using a handpiece (Ker...

Photolithography allows the fabrication of a solid polymer object through polymerization of a monomer resin by means of a laser source guided according to the data of computer aided design. However, one drawback of this method is the inaccuracy of the dimensions of the objects related to the shrinkage phenomenon which depends on the polymerization, on the laser flux and on the used sweeping pro...

We studied relaxation by hygroscopic expansion of the interfacial polymerization shear stress of bonded resin composites. In the experimental set-up, resin composite-cured-to-glass strips bent due to the polymerization shrinkage. The strips were stored wet or dry. The curvatures of the bent strips were recorded, by the scanning of the glass surfaces with a contact profilometer, periodically ove...

Many cells crawl by extending an actin-rich pseudopod. We have devised a simulation that describes how the polymerization kinetics of a branched actin filament network, coupled with excluded volume effects, powers the motility of crawling cells such as amoebae and fish keratocytes. Our stochastic simulation is based on the key fundamental properties of actin polymerization, namely growth, shrin...

There is a great deal of interest in continuous beds as stationary phases for both HPLC and CEC. There are various ways to prepare monoliths, by polymerization of organic species or by polymerization of silicon alkoxides. The former method has recently been reviewed, while silica based monoliths are now commercially available. The purpose of this paper is to deal with the problems associated wi...

in the processing of carbon/carbon composites using polymer resin as the matrix precursor, it is inevitable that a porous structure was formed after carbonization. as a result, densification by liquid phase impregnation followed by recarbonization is required to obtain a densified composite. consequently, the char formability of resin is an important factor in reducing the number of densificati...

  Objective: Different methods have been suggested to overcome the polymerization shrinkage of composite restorations. Changing the light curing protocol to improve polymerization by using new light curing units is among these methods. The new devices are more efficient, portable and durable and produce less heat. This study aimed to assess the marginal microleakage of class V composite restora...