The role of cyclin D1 overexpression in human breast premalignancy was investigated using immortal, nontumorigenic MCF-10A cells. Previous work documented that cyclin D1 overexpression promoted in vitro anchorage-independent colonization. We now report that the colonization of MCF-10A cyclin D1 transfectants was preferentially inhibited by gamma-radiation and specific classes of apoptosis induc...

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows endoscopic, curative, en-bloc resection of superficial malignant or premalignant lesions. This procedure was conceived over 10 years ago in Japan, but has not experienced great expansion in Western countries for different reasons. This article reviews ESD indications and outcomes, and reflects on the reasons that prevent ESD from becoming common cli...

Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic polyketides produced by several Aspergillus species that are known to contaminate agricultural commodities, posing a serious threat to animal and human health. Aflatoxin (AF) biosynthesis is almost fully characterized and involves the coordinated expression of approximately 25 genes clustered in a 70-kb DNA region. Aspergillus parasiticus is an economically...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To study the genotoxic effects of tobacco on the exfoliated buccal epithelial cells in patients with oral precancerous lesions (OPLs) and Patients with tobacco habit but without oral precancerous lesion(habit controls) by using micronucleus assay as well as the quantification and detection of the biomarkers in these premalignant lesions which will be helpful in finding those...

Acquired nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a rare clinical condition with multiple etiologies, although post-intubation injury is the most common cause. TEFs can be fatal if left untreated due to devastating pulmonary complications caused by tracheobronchial contamination and poor nutrition. Herein, we present a case of complete healing of a post-intubation TEF under conservative ...

A vast range of disorders--from indolent to fast-growing lesions--are labelled as cancer. Therefore, we believe that several changes should be made to the approach to cancer screening and care, such as use of new terminology for indolent and precancerous disorders. We propose the term indolent lesion of epithelial origin, or IDLE, for those lesions (currently labelled as cancers) and their prec...

BACKGROUND Tumorigenesis requires multiple genetic changes. Mutator mutations are mutations that increase genomic instability, and according to the mutator hypothesis, accelerate tumorigenesis by facilitating oncogenic mutations. Alternatively, repeated lineage selection and expansion without increased mutation frequency may explain observed cancer incidence. Mutator lineages also risk increase...

Werner, Rothmund-Thompson, and Bloom syndromes all present with characteristic cutaneous findings during childhood and a predisposition for highgrade osteosarcoma, often at unusual locations, such as the patella. Although each of these syndromes maps to a unique genetic locus, the gene products share significant sequence homology. The latter finding is intriguing given the clinical similarities...

Dear Editor, A b o u t 5 m i l l i o n p e o p l e i n I n d i a h ave o r a l submucous fibrosis and recent data suggest a male predominance. Age group between second and third decade is commonly involved. Risk of malignant transformation ranges from 7% to 30%. Restricted mouth opening in oral submucous fibrosis makes examination and early diagnosis of cancer difficult. Medical management is t...

REV6.11 2014/06 EICTA & CECED 1 Constantly 2 Intermittently 3 After a while 4 In a hot environment 5 In a cold environment 6 When switching 7 Under vibration 8 In a damp / wet / rainy / snowy environment 9 In a dry environment A Due to physical damage B After lightning strike C Only certain station(s) / software / mode / channels / frequency band / network(s) D Only on certain standards or syst...