Introduction.Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem that often goes unrecognized until late-stage disease.Patients with chronic kidney disease face with uremic toxins and hyperkalemia. Also fluid overload in CKD patients is associated with rapid decline in kidney function.Lactulose is a hyper osmotic agent and as a prebioticplays an important role in regulating serum urea...

Background This retrospective study aimed to determine the epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in patients < 18 years old at a single referral center. Materials and Methods In a hospital-based case control study, 66 CKD patients less than 18 years old were compared to 81 control patients (also under 18) without CKD. A patient was defined as a CKD case...

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden, yet it is still underrepresented within public health agendas in many countries. Studies focusing on the natural history of CKD are challenging to design and conduct, because of the long time-course of disease progression, a wide variation in etiologies, and a large amount of clinical variability among individuals with CKD. With...

conclusions: these findings suggested that plasma adpn level is inversely associated with gfr and directly correlate with hdl-cholesterol and inversely with some, but not all metabolic factors of ckd patients who were not undergone dialysis. results: plasma adpn level was significantly higher in ckd patients than control group (p = 0.04). it was directly correlated with hdl-cholesterol (r = 0.5...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Long-term outcome of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) correlates with adequacy of predialysis care. This is best provided in a multidisciplinary clinic that integrates the services of a nephrologist with other staff. There is limited data about such clinics in children. The Children's Hospital of Michigan established a Chronic Renal Insufficiency (CRI) clinic...

Background and Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD)  determined by permanent kidney damage. Due to the similarity of clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism with CKD, hypothyroidism may be neglected and remain untreated. The goal of our study was to evaluate the rate of hypothyroidism in CKD patients who need hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional research. The sampling ...

BACKGROUND The KDIGO work group recommends increasing dialytic phosphorus removal in Stage 5D chronic kidney disease patients with persistent hyperphosphatemia; however, optimal prescriptions to enhance phosphorus removal by hemodialysis (HD) therapies have not yet been established. This study evaluated whether phosphorus kinetic modeling based on a pseudo one-compartment model could provide pr...

INTRODUCTION The proportion of elderly people is steadily rising worldwide, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, including China. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disorder in older people. However, little is known about the epidemiology of CKD and its consequences among the elderly. Improvements on clinical guidelines and healthcare policies for this population are requ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The role of vitamin D in the process of vascular calcification is unclear in patients with chronic kidney disease. We investigated whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with vascular calcification in predialysis and dialysis patients. METHODS We included 86 predialysis and 139 dialysis patients. The simple vascular calcification score (SVCS) was evaluated b...

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a complex regulatory network consisting of enzymes and effector peptides that facilitate the maintenance of homeostasis of several physiological processes [1, 2]. Upregulation of the RAS system, however, under chronic conditions and mainly through the interactions of Ang II with the AT1 receptor, can lead to hypertension and is involved in the progression o...