The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has varied significantly across market sectors and companies, disruptions generated by have had major implications for transfer-pricing practices many multinationals. crisis challenged efficiency traditional benchmarking profit margins markups on basis profitability comparable companies. In this article, we provide a framework addressing two key questions: (1...

The strategic pricing decisions of assembly products in assembly products supply chain are studied in this paper. Firstly, a two-stage assembly products supply chain model is developed. By building Nash game model, the Nash equilibrium solution of pricing strategy of supplier and assemblers is obtained. Next, a union decision model is built to analyze the optimal combination pricing strategy of...

41 REASONS FOR DEMAND MANAGEMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS Despite the already overcrowded roads, especially in and around the Dutch conurbation, a further growth in the use of cars is expected in the near and farther future. Demographic and economic forces are the main factors for this development. There is widespread consensus, not only in The Netherlands, that building roads is not the right answer...

W introduce the pathwise optimization (PO) method, a new convex optimization procedure to produce upper and lower bounds on the optimal value (the “price”) of a high-dimensional optimal stopping problem. The PO method builds on a dual characterization of optimal stopping problems as optimization problems over the space of martingales, which we dub the martingale duality approach. We demonstrate...

In this paper, impacts of day-ahead market pricing on behavior of producers and consumers in option and day-ahead markets and on option pricing are studied. To this end, two comprehensive equilibrium models for joint put option and day-ahead markets under pay-as-bid and uniform pricing in day-ahead market are presented, respectively. Interaction between put option and day-ahead markets, uncerta...