BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Approximately 20% of US children and adolescents consume pizza on any given day; and pizza intake is associated with higher intakes of energy, sodium, and saturated fat. The reformulation of pizza products has yet to be evaluated as a viable option to improve diets of the US youth. This study modeled the effect on nutrient intakes of two potential pizza reformulation st...

Globally, soda taxes are gaining momentum as powerful interventions to discourage sugar consumption and thereby reduce the growing burden of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Evidence from early adopters including Mexico and Berkeley, California, confirms that soda taxes can disincentivize consumption through price increases and raise revenue to support government programs. The Unit...

Most optimization software performs numerical computation, in the sense that the main interest is to find numerical values to assign to the decision variables, e.g. a solution to an optimization problem. In mathematical programming, however, a considerable amount of symbolic transformation is essential to solving difficult optimization problems, e.g. relaxation or decomposition techniques. This...

Constraint modelling requires considerable expertise and therefore automating this process is highly desirable to encourage the widespread use of constraint programming techniques. One approach is to refine a high-level problem specification into a solver-independent constraint model that is then tailored to a particular solver. We further investigate tailoring, the last step of the modelling p...

Query reformulation modifies the original query with the aim of better matching the vocabulary of the relevant documents, and consequently improving ranking effectiveness. Previous models typically generate words and phrases related to the original query, but do not consider how these words and phrases would fit together in new queries. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed that models r...