In vitro mutagen hypersensitivity, determined with the bleomycin assay, has been found to be an independent risk factor for developing primary upper aerodigestive tract cancers, lung cancers, and second malignant tumors. The average number of chromatid breaks per cell (b/c) is derived from evaluating an arbitrarily set number of metaphases (usually 50) in each sample. The reliability of such an...

Although research into social and behavioural determinants of health and illness was conducted throughout the 20th century, it has become more common since the 1980s. Because of this, the term 'social epidemiology' is increasingly encountered in the biomedical literature. Recent commentaries by Kaufman and Cooper 1,2 and Muntaner 3 on causal explanations in social epidemiology, although of inte...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire for caregivers to assess the eating behavior of Chinese preschoolers. METHODS To assess children's eating behaviors, 152 items were derived from a broad review of the literature related to epidemiology surveys and the assessment of children's eating behaviors. All of these items were reviewed by 50 caregivers of preschooler...

BACKGROUND Despite routine use of estimated glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) as major renal end points in clinical trials of renal revascularization, serial GFR estimates have never been validated in patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of GFR estimates in patients with atherosclerotic RAS. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum creatinine (SC...

Abstract The epidemiologist Bradford Hill famously argued that in epidemiology, specificity of association (roughly, the fact an environmental or behavioral risk factor is associated with just one at most a few medical outcomes) strong evidence causation. Prominent epidemiologists have dismissed Hill’s claim on ground it relies dubious `one-cause effect’ model disease paper examines this method...

results the highest prevalent genotype was genotype 4a, which was found in 57 patients (92%) followed by 2 isolates (3%) with genotype 4o, 2 strains (3%) with genotype 1g and one isolate (2%) with genotype 4n. conclusions this molecular epidemiology study revealed high prevalence of hcv genotype 4, subtype 4a among egyptian patients residing in sharkia governorate, egypt. patients and methods t...