Results from a computational model of arc welding, in which the arc plasma, workpiece and electrode are treated self-consistently, are presented. It is demonstrated through three examples (the effect of shielding gas composition, metal vapour and electrode shape on the weld pool) that reliable prediction of weld pool depth and geometry requires that the arc plasma is included in the computation...

Offshore pipelines used for oil and gas transportation are often buried to avoid damage from fishing activities and to provide thermal insulation. Thermal expansion and contraction of the pipeline during operation can lead to lateral or upheaval buckling. A safe buried pipeline design must take into account a reliable evaluation of soil uplift resistance and pipe embedment depth. While the cost...

Strong acid solutions have been widely used in acid traps to determine concentrations of ammonia in ambient air or exhaust air stream. A literature survey indicates the method has a long history and a wide variation in use. Through a series of studies, this paper examines several factors including volume of the acid, depth of the acid, and airflow rate; that might affect the efficiency of sulfu...

Mechanochemical dry conversion that only uses zinc oxide and an imidazole ligand proved to be effective and reliable for fabrication of a zeolitic imidazolate framework with a polycrystalline grain boundary and a core-shell structure. The zinc oxide crystals are converted into a zeolitic imidazolate framework to a depth of approx. 10 nm below the surface.

Bispectral index (BIS) is a reliable parameter for measuring depth of hypnotic level during anesthesia. Convective air warming system is an effective equipment to maintain normothermia during operation. We report falsely elevated BIS value due to convective air warming system while undergoing kidney transplantation.

Evaluation of sleep in clinical polysomnograms continues to rely almost exclusively on visual scoring that implements rules proposed by Rechtschaffen and Kales nearly 50 years ago. Apart from its cost and timeconsuming nature, visual scoring has limitations including: A) Sleep depth, which is a continuous variable, is treated as if it changes in a stepwise fashion from light (stage 1), to inter...

The information carried by a signal unavoidably decays when the signal is corrupted by random noise. This occurs when a noisy channel transmits a message as well as when a noisy component performs computation. We first study this signal decay in the context of communication and obtain a tight bound on the decay of the information carried by a signal as it crosses a noisy channel. We then use th...

A catadioptric stereo system has been developed for depth perception. The system uses two sets of planar mirrors to create two virtual cameras. A design procedure is presented with the aim of building a compact assembly. This has resulted in an inexpensive and compact system that achieves a depth resolution of 5.8 cm at a working distance of 2 m.

The objective of this paper is to study the impact of depth perception and movement freedom on learning surgical tasks by novice subjects using new laparoscopic technology.