Adhesive layer is an essential part of tooth colored restorations which play an important role in decreasing the microleakage between the tooth and restoration material after polymerization shrinkage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of deferent adhesive system of bonding agent on microleakage of nanocomposite resin in class II cavities. Two different types of adhesive syste...

Different structural parts of monuments and historic buildings were based on stone as the main building material, such as masonry and foundation, while many types of stones were also used for decorative, architectural elements, such as reliefs, cornices, corbels, colonnettes. The preservation of stone elements is crucial for the continuity of these structures. Mortar on the other hand is an art...

Aim: This study was conducted to throw light on the effect of papain –based gel (Papacarié) on microleakage and microshear bond strength of two esthetic restorative materials ; glass ionomer restoration (Fuji IX GP) and light cured hybrid composite resin (Valux Plus, 3M ESPE). Methods: Microleakage test: thirty primary molars with carious occlusal surfaces were randomly assigned into three grou...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Resin-modified (light-cured) glass ionomer and polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer) restorations are popular choices for the restoration of root caries and cervical abrasion/erosion lesions, but clinical studies are relatively few and have been published primarily as abstracts. PURPOSE In the absence of adequate clinical data, the marginal integrity of restoration...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Evidence is limited on the efficacy of zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses. OBJECTIVE To carry out a literature review of the behavior of zirconium oxide dental restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS This literature review searched the Pubmed, Scopus, Medline and Cochrane Library databases using key search words "zirconium oxide," "zirconia," "non-metal restorations," "c...

This book consists of 14 chapters covering important aspects in regards to various terrestrial ecosystems, wetlands, river systems, mine site rehabilitation, marsh ecology and heavy metals pollution. Also aims to fill some of the information gaps in ecological restoration, particularly in under-researched ecosystems around the world. Restoration ecology emerged as a separate field in ecology in...

Early childhood caries is now affecting the children in dangerous proportions. There is a widespread loss of the tooth material irrespective of the type of the carious lesion. Restoration of such lesions with a strong permanent bond between the dental tissues and the restorative dental materials would be a highly desirable requisite of any restorative material. Ultramorphological characterizati...