In the supply chain by the composition of the supplier and the retailer, the supplier offers products to the retailer for sales while the retailer affects the sales outcome by his effort which is divided into two dimensions. One is for the short-term sales task and the other is for the long-term sales task. For the long-term development of the enterprise, the supplier wants to inspire the retai...

We study a coordination contract for a supplier-retailer channel producing and selling a fashionable product exhibiting a stochastic price-dependent demand. The product’s selling season is short, and the supply chain faces great demand uncertainty. We consider a scenario where the supplier reserves production capacity for the retailer in advance, and permits the retailer to place an order not e...

In ecommerce, a product/service supplier with an Internet direct channel can sell through both its own direct channel and independent online retailers’ sites. The competition between the direct channel and the independent retailer’s channel has received significant research attention, however, little has been investigated on the impact of direct channel on the competition in wholesale market wh...

We study the performance of a stylized supply chain where two firms, a retailer and a producer, compete in a Stackelberg game. The retailer purchases a single product from the producer and afterward sells it in the retail market at a stochastic clearance price. The retailer, however, is budget constrained and is therefore limited in the number of units that he may purchase from the producer. We...

Studying the operational motivation of a retailer to publicly announce his forecast information, this paper shows that by making forecast information publicly available to both his manufacturer and to the competitor, a retailer is able to credibly share his forecast information —an outcome that cannot be achieved by merely exchanging information within the supply chain. We model a market compri...

A closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) is the process of adding a reverse to traditional forward chain. It has positive effect on reducing environmental pollution, and therefore many governments have introduced relevant policies encourage enterprises develop CLSCs. Among them, reward–penalty policy (RPP) for recovery rate waste electrical electronic equipment (WEEE) considered better. At corporate l...

In this paper, we have considered an economic order quantity model for deteriorating items with two-level trade credit policy in which a delay in payment is offered by a supplier to a retailer and also an another delay in payment is offered by the retailer to his/her all customers. Here, it is proposed that the demand function is dependent on the length of the customer's credit period and also ...

Factory Gate Pricing (FGP) is a relatively new phenomenon in retail distribution. Under FGP, products are no longer delivered at the retailer distribution center, but collected by the retailer at the factory gates of the suppliers. Owing to both the asymmetry in the distribution networks (the supplier sites greatly outnumber the retailer distribution centers) and the better inventory and transp...

This study investigates a two-echelon supply chain model for deteriorating inventory in which the retailer’s warehouse has a limited capacity. The system includes one wholesaler and one retailer and aims to minimise the total cost. The demand rate in retailer is stock-dependent and in case of any shortages, the demand is partially backlogged. The warehouse capacity in the retailer (OW) is limit...

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the retailer’s inventory policy under two levels of trade credit to reflect the supply chain management situation. In this paper, we assume that the retailer has the powerful decision-making right. So, we extend the assumption that the retailer can obtain the full trade credit offered by the supplier and the retailer just offers the partial trade...