The fine-root system of perennial, dicot woody species can be dominated by brown roots. Although as much as 90% of the surface area of a root system can be in this category of roots, the nutrient uptake characteristics of brown roots are not well understood. If this part of the root system has active uptake, then its significance is obvious. If it does not then modelling predictions of nutrient...

Hairy roots culture is a potential system for secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants. In this research, hairy root induction in Echinacea angustifolia was established using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The effects of dif-ferent A. rhizogenes strains (AR15834, A4, K599 and MSU440) in two solid growth regula-tor-free culture media, half strength MS salts with B5 vitamins and WPM, were e...

certain conditions. However, because root-system development is not considered in these water-extraction A two-dimensional model that combines root-system development models, the root length per unit soil volume should be and water extraction by roots is proposed to simulate the dynamic interaction between root growth and soil-water flow. Both of hydrotrogiven a priori as a function of soil dep...

familiarity with the normal and abnormal anatomy of the root canal system is essential for successful root canal treatment. the possibility of concomitant three-rooted and three- canalled maxillary and mandibular premolars are extremely rare. the purpose of this paper was to report a case with a three-rooted maxillary first premolar and two three-rooted mandibular premolars.