This study aims to assess the impact of economic growth and inflation on unemployment in Somalia by testing Phillips curve Okun’s law hypothesis utilizing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model time series data covering period from 1991 2017. The empirical results reveal existence long-run cointegration among variables. Moreover, a negative relationship is established between both short ru...

In pursuit of achieving developed country status by 2041, Bangladesh is committed to comprehensive socioeconomic development—a goal intrinsically tied the critical task securing a reliable, uninterrupted energy supply while optimizing utilization available sources. This study used 1980–2018 annual data examine implications transition and causal relationships among economic growth, renewable ene...

This paper employs a multivariate Granger-causality model to evaluate the causal relationship between external debt, financial development, and investment in Botswana South Africa from 1980–2020. The study includes savings, trade, economic growth as intermittent variables. Using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach; empirical results reveal that, for both Africa, there ...

The purpose of this research study is assessing the relationship between unemployment and its determinants for five east Africa community countries i.e., Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda & Burundi. Particularly, discussed are some economic variables their significant effects especially in long run. include; inflation, GDP growth, population growth foreign direct investments relation to unemp...

This study examined the impact of exchange rate volatility on export in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to evaluate individual impacts parallel market-, interbank, real and nominal-exchange volatilities Nigeria’s export. employed ARDL-Error Correction Model Bound Test using secondary data sourced from Statistics Database Central Bank Bounds test results for each four models, showed long-r...

This study examines the dynamic impact of financial development, trade openness, and economic growth on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in Saudi Arabia. We applied autoregressive distributed lag bound testing technique for period 1990–2019. The empirical results show a long-run cointegration relationship among variables. estimation results, however, reveal that, growth, openness have positive si...

the present study was aimed at examining concerns about the social effects of efl learning, a challenging area of research which has not been discussed sufficiently. it tried to investigate the relationship between efl learning and national identity. in addition, attempt was made to find a relationship between language motivation types and national identity. furthermore, the role of two demogra...

Submitted: May 12, 2013; Accepted: Jun 24, 2013; Published: Sep 15, 2013 Abstract: The paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment on Growth (GDP) for Pakistan. It studies a long run relationship between the foreign direct investment and gross domestic investment in Pakistan. By using cointegration analysis, we demonstrate that there exists a long run relationship between the two...

Co-integration models the long-term, equilibrium relationship of two or more related financial variables. Even if cointegration is found, in the short run, there may be deviations from the long run equilibrium relationship. The aim of this work is to forecast these deviations using neural networks and create a trading strategy based on them. A case study is used: co-integration residuals from A...