A Runge–Kutta method takes small time steps, to approximate the solution to an initial value problem. How accurate is this approximation? If the error is asymptotically proportional to hp, where h is the stepsize, the Runge–Kutta method is said to have “order” p. To find p, write the exact solution, after a single time-step, as a Taylor series, and compare with the Taylor series for the approxi...

We study Runge{Kutta methods for the integration of ordinary diierential equations and their retention of algebraic invariants. As a general rule, we derive two conditions for the retention of such invariants. The rst is a condition on the co-eecients of the methods, the second is a pair of partial diierential equations that otherwise must be obeyed by the invariant. The cases related to the re...

In this paper, based on the classical Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta method, the modified FourthOrder Runge-Kutta method is presented for solving nonlinear vibration of axially travelling string system, that is to solve time varying and nonlinear differential equations. The classical Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta method can only be used to solve first-order linear differential equations. Its main idea is ...

In this paper, numerical spline-based differential quadrature is presented for solving the boundary and initial value problems, and its application is used to solve the fixed rectangular membrane vibration equation. For the time integration of the problem, the Runge–Kutta and spline-based differential quadrature methods have been applied. The Runge–Kutta method was unstable for solving the prob...

We now begin the definition and construction of Runge-Kutta methods. These one–step methods are essentially always stable, but designing Runge– Kutta methods which are consistent to high order can be difficult. This theory is presented in Sec. We have already seen several examples of Runge–Kutta methods: explicit and implicit Euler, the implicit midpoint rule, the explicit midpoint rule with Eu...