In this paper, some definitions and traditional formulas for calculating the mobility of mechanisms are represented, e.g. Grubler formula, Somov - Malyshev formula, and Buchsbaum - Freudenstei. It is discussed that there are certain cases in which they are too ambiguous and incorrect to use. However, a matrix method is suggested based on the rank of the Jacobian of the mechanism and its applica...

Endophilin-A1 is a BAR domain-containing protein enriched at synapses and is implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. It binds to dynamin and synaptojanin via a C-terminal SH3 domain. We examine the mechanism by which the BAR domain and an N-terminal amphipathic helix, which folds upon membrane binding, work as a functional unit (the N-BAR domain) to promote dimerisation and membrane curvatu...

Eukaryotic cells are defined by extensive intracellular compartmentalization, which requires dynamic membrane remodeling. FER/Cip4 homology-Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domain family proteins form crescent-shaped dimers, which can bend membranes into buds and tubules of defined geometry and lipid composition. However, these proteins exhibit an unexplained wide diversity of membrane-deforming act...

We examine several types of visibility graphs: bar and semi-bar k-visibility graphs, rectangle k-visibility graphs, arc and circle k-visibility graphs, and compact visibility graphs. We improve the upper bound on the thickness of bar k-visibility graphs from 2k(9k − 1) to 6k, and prove that the upper bound must be at least k + 1. We also show that the upper bound on the thickness of semi-bar k-...

Kinematic synthesis of a trailing six-member mechanism has been carried out to achieve five precision points of an automotive steering mechanism. The inner wheel can be rotated up to forty five degrees with fair accuracy. Results show that the divergent end behavior of Ackermann Steering Mechanism has been overcome by the present mechanism. The work is similar to earlier work by the present ...

In this study, an expert system was developed for a quadricycle four bar mechanism with control of transmission angle. Different types of available synthesis methods are studied and the suitable synthesis procedure is selected for developing the expert system.

X-bar theory is widely regarded as a substantive theory of phrase structure properties in natural languages. In this paper we will demonstrate that a formalization of its content reveals very little substance in its claims. We state and discuss six conditions that encapsulate the claims of X-bar theory: Lexicality — each nonterminal is a projection of a preterminal; Succession — each X dominate...