Full-term development has now been achieved in several mammalian species by transfer of somatic nuclei into enucleated oocytes [1, 2]. Although a high proportion of such reconstructed embryos can evolve until the blastocyst stage, only a few percent develop into live offspring, which often exhibit developmental abnormalities [3, 4]. Regulatory epigenetic markers such as DNA methylation are impo...

Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) circumvents processes that normally function during gametogenesis to prepare the gamete genomes to support development of new progeny following fertilization. One such process is enhanced maintenance of genetic integrity in germ cells, such that germ cells typically carry fewer spontaneously acquired mutations than somatic cells in the same indivi...

Proper preservation of transgenes and transgenic materials is important for wider use of transgenic technology in plants. Here, we report stable preservation and faithful expression of a transgene via artificial seed technology in alfalfa. DNA constructs containing the uid reporter gene coding for β-glucuronidase (GUS) driven by a 35S promoter or a tCUP promoter were introduced into alfalfa via...

Stage-X blastoderms, within intact eggs from White Leghorn hens, were exposed to 500-700 rads of gamma radiation from a 60Co source prior to injection, into the subgerminal cavity, of approximately 100 or 200-400 dispersed cells from stage-X blastoderms isolated from eggs laid by Barred Plymouth Rock hens. Embryos developing past day 14 of incubation and hatched chicks were assessed for donor a...

Background: Development of cloned bovine embryos. Materials and Methods: Oocytes collection,oocyte denudation, oocyte enucleation, nuclear transfer, electrofusion, reconstructed embryo activation, culture of reconstructed and IVF embryo,and treatment with SAH post fusion interval Treatment of reconstructed embryos with TSA for 12 hours after activation, preparation of somatic donor cells, donor...

This study was conducted to investigate whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) could improve the development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Porcine SCNT-derived embryos were cultured in chemically defined polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based zygote medium (PZM)-4 without or with LPA, and development, proliferation potential, apoptosis, expression levels pluripotent markers evalu...

Somatic embryogenesis requires auxin and establishment of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). WUSCHEL (WUS) is critical for stem cell fate determination in the SAM of higher plants. However, regulation of WUS expression by auxin during somatic embryogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we show that expression of several regulatory genes important in zygotic embryogenesis were up-regulated during so...

Somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis is achieved by culturing bending-cotyledon embryos on a 2,4-D-containing induction medium for 14 d followed by a transfer on to a hormone-free development medium. Several genes orthologous to Arabidopsis SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM), CLAVATA 1 (CLV1), and ZWILLE (ZLL) were isolated from Brassica oleracea (Bo), B. rapa (Br), and B. napus (Bn), and ectopically expr...

Abstract Somatic embryogenesis, as a promising biotechnological tool for many conifer trees, has never been applied the Abies nebrodensis species. Although all encouraging results previously obtained by EU LIFE (European program) funded projects in over ten years, critically endangered Sicilian fir remains alarmingly close to extinction. In this study, we reported first protocol of somatic embr...

BACKGROUND Somatic embryogenesis in conifer species has great potential for the forestry industry. Hence, a number of methods have been developed for their efficient and rapid propagation through somatic embryogenesis. Although information is available regarding the previous process-mediated generation of embryogenic cells to form somatic embryos, there is a dearth of information in the literat...