The current study examines the impact of different task types on learning prepositions in form and meaning- focused interaction enhancement- based classes. The participants were 57 second Year University students enrolled in three intact lab classes at Tabriz Islamic Azad University.  The first group was provided with form-focused interaction enhancement, the second with the meaning-focused int...

Embodied accounts contend that word meaning is grounded in sensorimotor representation. In support of this view, research has found rapid motor priming effects on vertical movements for words like eagle or shoe, which differ as to whether they are typically associated with an up or down spatial direction. These priming effects are held to be the result of motor representations evoked as an obli...

The goal of this work is to develop a collaborative communication system of spatial perceptions for vision-based multirobot systems using qualitative spatial reasoning, where the representation of the domain is built upon the perspective of the Elevated Oriented Point Algebra (EOPRA) and the reasoning itself is made by a combination between the Oriented Point Algebra (OPRA) and a quantitative t...

The cognitive neuroscience of semantics has focused largely on object knowledge. By contrast, spatial semantics, especially as related to language, has received little attention. Spatial thought and language gives our semantic system a rich texture by introducing relational thinking and greater levels of abstraction than is evoked by object semantics. This article describes the neural instantia...

People tend to think about time in terms of space, in some languages even with identical vocabulary. It is therefore plausible to assume that the frame of reference (FOR) preferred for spatial descriptions also helps to organize temporal descriptions. Further still: If languages differ with regard to the FORs that they prefer in the one domain—as is indeed the case—then they might also differ i...

Prepositions and conjunctions are two of the largest remaining bottlenecks in parsing. Across various existing parsers, these two categories have the lowest accuracies, and mistakes made have consequences for downstream applications. Prepositions and conjunctions are often assumed to depend on lexical dependencies for correct resolution. As lexical statistics based on the training set only are ...

Along with using geometric information to define spatial terms such as “in”, Coventry and Garrod (2004) have proposed the use of dynamic-kinematic (DK) routines which relate to how two objects interact (kinematic) over time (dynamic). For the spatial description, “The penny is in the bowl,” the penny is contained by a bounding box around the bowl as well as the DK location-control routine that ...

In this thesis, a novel language visualization system is presented that converts natural language text into 3D scenes. The system is capable of understanding some concrete nouns, visualizable adjectives and spatial prepositions from full natural language sentences and generating 3D static scenes using these sentences. It is a rule based system that uses natural language processing tools, 3D mod...