we will argue that the common practice in the literature of giving a long list of senses for spatial prepositions, implying that they are unrelated to one another is not adequate. the more adequate way is presenting a network of related senses based on a prototype. also, speaking specifically about persian preposition /d?r/, we will argue that the meanings of spatial prepositions arise as a con...

The aim of the present study is threefold. The first is that whether there is any difference betweendifferent proficiency level language learners 'use of spatial prepositions. The Second aim is toreveal that if the native language of the participants has any effect on applying the appropriateprepositions and also to find which spatial preposition is difficult to acquire. The present paperexamin...

We investigate the task of predicting prepositions that can be used to describe the spatial relationships between pairs of objects depicted in images. We explore the extent to which such spatial prepositions can be predicted from (a) language information, (b) visual information, and (c) combinations of the two. In this paper we describe the dataset of object pairs and prepositions we have creat...

We present a means of generating and understanding relative spatial positions in a natural three-dimensional scene, in terms of six spatial prepositions, left, right, in-front, behind, above, and below, using real stereo images. Our model has two layers. First, a symbolic spatial description of the scene independent of reference frames is computed. Then, in the second layer, the meaning of each...

The context for the work we report here is the automatic description of spatial relationships between pairs of objects in images. We investigate the task of selecting prepositions for such spatial relationships. We describe the two datasets of object pairs and prepositions we have created for English and French, and report results for predicting prepositions for object pairs in both of these la...

Using Analogy to Model Spatial Language Use and Multimodal Knowledge Capture Kate Lockwood Language and knowledge capture are two skills that allow us to create structured representations of the physical world for reasoning and communication. Spatial prepositions are a form of specialized language that is used to relate two objects in space. In addition to communicating the static location of o...

One of the most problematic areas for teachers and learners in English classrooms is prepositions. Two types of prepositions in English are spatial (space) and temporal (time) prepositions. Prepositions are words linking two entities and thereby specifying the relation of the two. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of games and flash cards in learning place and time prep...

In this paper, we look at automatic generation of spatial descriptions in French, more particularly, selecting a spatial preposition for a pair of objects in an image. Our focus is on assessing the effect on accuracy of (i) increasing data set size, (ii) removing synonyms from the set of prepositions used for annotation, (iii) optimising feature sets, and (iv) training on best prepositions only...

The present study deals with the impairment of prepositions, a somewhat neglected topic in aphasia research. It is the first to investigate the availability of all types of prepositions (i.e., spatial, temporal, other meaningful, subcategorized, syntactic prepositions, and particles) in a variety of comprehension and production tasks in one anomic aphasic and four Broca’s aphasic patients and h...

In this paper we present an experimental study on native speakers’ access to lexical relations among spatial relations. Our main focus is a still poorly understood domain: the lexical relations that hold between (pairs of) directional spatial prepositions (from, to) and locative prepositions (at). Two broad families of proposals exist in the literature. One family suggests that the members of t...