le clezio 's fictional world takes us back to the beauties of nature and makes us contemplate the mysteries of the universe. by creating exaggerated and sometimes surreal sceneries, le clezio seeks to escape from inconveniences of the materialistic world to explore man's identity. obscure conditions, wearriness with the achievements of modern world, le clezio's personages, are en...

there are different approaches in philosophical justification of the influences of metaphysical or spiritual causes on the material world. according to the approaches of the the most muslim thinkers, the deposited factors are influencing the on material world, but such influencing is along with the natural and material causes. accordingly, is it possible to propose a methodological materialism ...

the process theology is one of the theological systems which spread during postmodern period. this kind of theology tries to revive the spiritual system. david ray griffin is one of the process theologians and has many systematic researches. according to his idea, spiritual system in pre- modern considers the world in a way that is subjugated to an all-powerful being that unilaterally intervene...

In the “disenchanted” modern world, belief in the existence of spirits came to be seen as a nonrational and nonempirical product of culture. Psychological and anthropological theorizing explained naïve, nonmodern spirit encounter experiences as culturally loaded imaginative events. Among modern populations such experiences were assumed to be pathological and relatively rare. The resulting stigm...

Friedrich Schleiermacher is among the philosophers who influenced Karoline von Günderrode's thought. Although this influence relevant, it has received little attention. Both authors agree on distinguishing “spirit” and “body” or “the inner outer” in similar terms. However, there was a significant difference between them. In Schleiermacher's works that Günderrode considered (On Religion Soliloqu...

The wider spread of literature and science through society, the greater extent of commercial enterprise which has resulted from recent legislative and social changes, the larger amount of political action, whether municipal or parliamentary, accorded to the people, and the deep interest excited by free religious discussion, are causes, sufficiently obvious, for a much higher degree of mental ac...