The generalizability aspect of Construct validity, as proposed by Messick (1989), requires that a test measures the same trait across different samples from the same population. Differential Item functioning (DIF) analysis is a key component in the fairness evaluation of educational tests. University entrance exam for the candidates who seek admission into master's English programs (MEUEE) at I...

The validity of a measurement instrument depends on the quality of the items included in the instrument. The overall aim was to compare methods for detecting and measuring differential item functioning, DIF, in order to find a suitable method for examining DIF in a dichotomously scored criterion-referenced licensing test. The methods were discussed with respect to whether they are parametric, t...

The pres ent study exam ined sex dif fer ences in the com plex ity and dif fer en ti a tion of peo ple’s rep re sen ta tions of emo tional expe ri ence. Female par tic i pants from seven dif fer ent sam ples, rang ing in age, scho las tic per for mance, socio eco nomic sta tus, and cul ture, scored higher on a per for mance test of emo tional aware ness than did male par tic i pants. Women con ...

Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the prototype of subepidermal autoimmune bullous dermatoses (SABDs). Direct immunofluorescence on salt split skin substrate (DIF-SS) is one of the methods used to differentiate this group of dermatoses. Objective: We conducted this study in order to delineate the results of DIF-SS in SABD patients. Patients and Methods: Seventeen patients with a BP-like cl...

Differentiation-inducing factor (DIF) defines a group of chlorinated hexaphenones that orchestrate stalk-cell differentiation in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum (DD). DIF-1 and 3 have also been reported to have tumor inhibiting properties; however, the mechanisms that underlie the effects of these compounds remain poorly defined. Herein, we show that DIF-3 rapidly triggers Ca2+ release ...

150 specimens from suspected herpes simplex genital and skin lesions were received in virus transport medium. They were inoculated into Hep-2 cell monolayers, examined for the presence of virus by cytopathic effect (CPE), direct immunoperoxidase (DIP) and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). Of 39 (26.0%) virus-positive specimens by CPE, 37 (24.7%) were HSV-positive by DIP and 36 (24.0%) by DIF sta...

It is very important that the results of statistical analysis are understandable. Therefore, while reporting analysis, some effect size measures should be given along with P-value. In this study, measure Eta-Squared, Epsilon Squared and Omega-Squared were compared in terms their performance (bias) simple multiple linear regression models. Results simulation runs showed estimates quite unbiased ...

in the course of this study, empirical models were developed for the pressure-density relationship in a large cubic baler for baling alfalfa and barley straw. least squares regression analysis was employed to develop the empirical model and estimate the model coefficients by minimizing the summation of the squared differences between data resulting from the developed empirical model and the cor...