Jordan and Graves (1995) initiated a stream of research on supply chain flexibility, which was furthered by Graves and Tomlin (2003), that examined various structures for achieving horizontal flexibility within a single level of a supply chain. In this note, we extend the theory of supply chain flexibility by considering placement of vertical flexibility across multiple stages in a supply chain...

Several analytical models have been developed to solve the integrated production distribution problems in Supply Chain Management (SCM). In certain multi-stage service supply chain like blood banks, the term ‘production’ is referred as collection. It is often crucial to consider the inventory and distribution costs for successful decision making in multi-stage service supply chain. In this pape...

Here, we consider single vendor-buyer model with multi-product and multi-customer and multi-facility location-production-distribution problem. It is assumed that the players of the supply chain are coordinated by sharing information. Vendor manufactures produce different products at different plants with limited capacities and then distribute the products to the consumers according to determini...

Supply chain excellence has a real huge impact on business strategy. Building supply chains (SCs) as flexible system represents one of the most exciting opportunities to create value. This requires integrated decision making amongst autonomous chain partners with effective decision knowledge sharing among them. The key to success lies in knowing which decision has more impact on the supply chai...

In a three stage supply chain composed of one manufacturer, one distributor and one retailer, the supply chain coordination mechanism is studied under a fuzzy demand environment. The market demand is treated as a positive trapezoidal fuzzy number, and the models of centralized decision-making system and spanning revenue sharing (SRS) contract are proposed by the method of the fuzzy set theory. ...

Any industry has its own supply chain where it is not necessary to have all stages in the supply chain and the optimal o rdering policies of those indiv idual stages may be different. This paper p resents an extension of two–level supply chain inventory model d iscussed in related works. The main consideration of this paper is to determine the optimal ordering policy according to inventory and ...

Based on the uncertainty theory, market demand information updating as the background, we study the coordination and optimization problem of three-stage supply chain in this paper. In half a asymmetric market information, participants are risk neutral; under the situation of the manufacturers and wholesalers having twice pre-season decision-making opportunity, wholesalers can be replenished in ...

A Supply Chain encompasses all activities in fulfilling customer demands and requests as shown in Figure 1.1. These activities are associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw materials stage, through to the end user, as well as the associated information and funds flows. There are four stages in a supply chain: the supply network, the internal supply chain (which are manuf...

In this paper, bi-level programming is proposed for designing a competitive supply chain network. A two-stage stochastic programming approach has been developed for a multi-product supply chain comprising a capacitated supplier, several distribution centers, retailers and some resellers in the market. The proposed model considers demand’s uncertainty and disruption in distribution centers and t...

The design of closed-loop supply chain networks has attracted increasing attention in recent decades with environmental concerns and commercial factors. Due to the rapid growth of knowledge and technology, the complexity of the supply chain operations is increasing daily and organizations are faced with numerous challenges and risks in their management. Most organizations with limited resources...