A theoretical method is proposed to estimate post-fracturing fracture size and transmissivity, and as a test of the methodology, data collected from two wells were used for verification. This method can be employed before hydrofracturing in order to obtain estimates of the potential hydraulic benefits of hydraulic fracturing. Five different pumping test analysis methods were used to evaluate th...

The grass shrimp (Palaemonetes vulgaris) orients itself by means of the polarization pattern of the sky visible through Snell's window of the water surface. The celestial polarization pattern viewed from water is distorted and modified because of refraction and repolarization of skylight at the air-water interface. This work provides a quantitative account of the repolarization of skylight tran...

We investigate the effect of galactic winds on the Lyα forest in cosmological simulations of structure and galaxy formation. We combine high resolution N-body simulations for the evolution of the dark matter with a semi-analytic model for the formation and evolution of galaxies which includes detailed prescriptions for the long-term evolution of galactic winds. We find that the main statistical...

A block-centered, finite difference model of two-dimensional groundwater flow yields velocity values at the midpoints of interfaces between adjacent blocks. Method of characteristics, random walk and particle-tracking models of solute transport equire velocities at arbitrary particle locations within the finite difference grid. Particle path lines and travel times are sensitive to the spatial i...

We consider flows in fractured media, described by Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models. We perform an Uncertainty Quantification analysis, assuming the fractures’ transmissivity coefficients to be random variables. Two probability distributions (log-uniform and log-normal) are used within different laws that express the coefficients in terms of a family of independent stochastic variables; t...

PURPOSE Retinal illuminance varies with stimulus luminance, pupil size, eye size, and transmissivity of the ocular media. There are few published data to inform estimates of retinal illuminance in early infancy, and no concurrent studies of pupil size and ocular length have been described. The goals were to document simultaneously the measured ocular parameters in growing preterm infants and to...