this article clarifies the importance of listening and speaking in language development. both represent two of the most difficult components of english language fores/ (eglish as a second language) learners to acquire listening comprehension is central to second lani,r,uge aquisition. it also appears to be crucially important for advanced level learners. the main aspect of speaking is communica...

Grammatical dependencies often involve elements that are not adjacent. However, most experiments in which non-adjacent dependencies are learned bracketed the dependent material with pauses, which is not how dependencies appear in natural language. Here we report successful learning of embedded NAD without pause bracketing. Instead, we induce learners to compute structure in an artificial langua...

this study aimed at providing learners with an opportunity not only to bring together their core and disciplinary knowledge to acquire major skills of learning english as a foreign language (efl), and the intellectual challenge of these issues at the interface of media, language and religion, but also help the materials generators to produce suitable types of content to be delivered through the...

in order to confirm the effectiveness of language learning strategies in theiranian context in junior high schools, this study was designed to examine thepatterns of strategy use, the effects of strategy instruction on the students’ strategyuse, and the relationship between the participants’ strategy use and their englishachievement. to achieve this objective, 57 junior high school participants...

Being able to read well is crucially important for language learners. Successful performance at elementary and high school level, as on higher levels of academic education, partly dependent the ability read. It believed that good learners are those who proficient in reading. However, building such a connection between reader written information complex both English second (ESL) foreign (EFL) st...

this study examines the relationship between learners' gender and second language learning strategies among persian language learners. various researches indicate that using learning strategies have significant effects on learning language skills. since very few researches have been done on persian learners and persian learning strategies, such a research seems to be of great importance an...

Demotivating factors can negatively influence the learners’ attitudes in learning English language. In the present study, demotivating factors and the strategies used to reduce demotivation among Iranian EFL learners were explored through both qualitative and quantitative research methods. İn the qualitative part of the study, semi-structured interviews including two main open-ended questions w...

Humans monitor their behavior to optimize performance, which presumably relies on stable representations of correct responses. During second language (L2) learning, however, stable representations have yet to be formed while knowledge of the first language (L1) can interfere with learning, which in some cases results in persistent errors. In order to examine how correct L2 representations are s...