GENERAL BIOLOGY. By Perry D. Strausbaugh and Bernal R. Weimer. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,1952. 813 pp. $6.00. An attempt to write a college textbook for general biology poses the problem of striking the happy medium between boring the students who have had advanced courses in biology and those who have had little or no biology. The authors have met this problem adequately, though ther...

Impressive progress has been made in global surgery in the past 10 years, and now serious and evidence-based national strategies are being developed for scaling-up surgical services in sub-Saharan Africa. Key to achieving this goal requires developing a realistic country-based estimate of burden of surgical disease, developing an accurate estimate of existing need, deve...

Introduction: Based on the previous data, among the general population aged between 30 and 60 years, snoring is observed in 44% and 28% of males and females, respectively. Therefore, it is important to treat snoring to reduce the disruption of the bed partner's sleep and the patients’ own problems. This study aimed to present a minimally invasive procedure which is easy to perform with le...

Background. Using laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) is challenging for both novice and experienced ultrasonographers. The major difficulty surgeons experience is understanding the orientation of the ultrasonography image. The purpose of this study was to assess whether providing surgeons with orientation information improves their ability to interpret LUS images. Methods. We performed a LUS ex...

background nasal valve collapse and especially internal nasal valve insufficiency is a common cause of nasal airway obstruction. this study compares the effects of spreader graft and overlapping lateral crural technique on rhinoplasty by rhinomanometry. methods fifty patients were randomly assigned into two groups and underwent spreader graft or overlapping lateral crural technique. objective a...

Introduction: Bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is an important issue for both anesthesiologists and surgeons as it can affect the safety and efficiency of the procedure. We compared the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) and clonidine in reducing blood loss and improving surgical field visualization during FESS.   Materials and Methods: In a double-blind, randomized...

For the alignment of two fingerprints position of certain landmarks are needed. These should be automatically extracted with low misidentification rate. As landmarks we suggest the prominent symmetry points (core-points) in the fingerprint. They are extracted from the complex orientation field estimated from the global structure of the fingerprint, i.e. the overall pattern of the ridges and val...