In India, Pulp & paper industries have been large uses of portable water and consequently large generator of waste water. Anaerobic treatment of paper processing waste water has a distinct advantage of recovery of inherent energy in the form of methane gas with much less sludge production. A hybrid reactor that capitalizes on the positive features of anaerobic filter(AF) and up-flow anaerobic s...

Synthetic musks (nitro and polycyclic musks) are a group of chemicals offering a wide range of important properties for environmental monitoring programs. They are produced as odorous chemicals and added to a wide variety of perfumes, toiletry products and other household products. As such, they are directly applied in cosmetic products or in washed textiles to the human body in considerable co...

I read with great interest Schmidt’s article on hog feces that was widely spread by Hurricane Floyd flooding in North Carolina (1). Should not all fecal matter, whether human, hog, poultry, or cattle, be held to the same standard of disposal? Why should municipalities be held to a higher level of waste purification for human fecal matter? Sheldon B. Cohen Psychiatrist (private practice) Atlanta...

Inertness and the indiscriminate use of synthetic polymers leading to increased land and water pollution are of great concern. Plastic is the most useful synthetic polymer, employed in wide range of applications viz. the packaging industries, agriculture, household practices, etc. Unpredicted use of synthetic polymers is leading towards the accumulation of increased solid waste in the natural e...

Rapid urbanization of Dhaka city has created immense pressure on its urban services including solid waste disposal. Both city corporations (Dhaka North, DNCC and Dhaka South, DSCC) have been facing tremendous problem to maintain sustainable waste management over the last few decades. At present, the DNCC and DSCC dump 68% of the total solid waste to the sanitary landfill site at Matuail. Decomp...

BACKGROUND Environmental Health Indicators (EHIs) are the most important criteria for evaluation of efficiency and effectiveness of the activities of the health sector. The operations and situation of the health system can be analyzed through surveying the indicators and comparing them during different times. The present study aimed to study the EHIs of Tabriz, using the common environmental he...

Water reclamation and reuse provides a unique and viable opportunity to augment traditional water supplies. As a multi-disciplined and important element of water resources development and management, water reuse can help to close the loop between water supply and wastewater disposal. Effective water reuse requires integration of water and reclaimed water supply functions. The successful develop...

A space toilet is a toilet that can be used in a low gravity environment. In the absence of gravity the collection and retention of liquid and solid waste is directed by use of air flow instead of water. Generally, the human waste is separated and solid wastes are compressed and stored on-board, and then removed after landing. Waste water is vented to space. The air is filtered to remove odor a...

To evaluate the impact of hazardous chemicals in solid wastes on man and other organisms, it is necessary to have information about amounts of chemical present, extent of exposure, and chemical toxicity. This paper addresses the question of organism exposure by considering the major physical and biological transport pathways and the physicochemical and biochemical transformations that may occur...