There are seven pathotypes of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) representing seven strain groups (G1-G7) in the United States. Soybean genotypes [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] may exhibit resistant (R), susceptible (S), or necrotic (N) reactions upon interacting with different SMV strains. This research was conducted to investigate whether reactions to two SMV strains are controlled by the same gene or by s...

Herein, it has been shown that the bismuth ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (BFO-MNPs) are new, efficient and recyclable catalysts for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives by the Hantzsch reaction. The one-pot four-component cyclocondensation reaction of dimedone, aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate was carried out under solvent-free conditions. The...

two hundred and twenty five school going girls belonging to three districts of hazara division, pakistan were sampied for rubella antibodies. age range selected was 5 to 15 years. igg was positive in 7x.22% of cases and igm in 24.44% of cases. the antibodies pattern and prevalence was the same in all the three districts. a clear increase of igg was seen up to the age of ii years but between 12 ...

Phytohormones such as auxin are known to be involved in alleviating the detrimental effects of salinity by modulating the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and improving antioxidant system, which help in sustaining plant growth. The present study envisaged revealing the role of exogenous application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in improving defense mechanisms in two genotypes (FL485 and IR29,...

To examine contamination of donor eye preservation media with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), we studied the media to detect specific genes for MRSA by use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The materials were 36 samples of donor eye preservation media (EP-II) in which donor eyes had been stored for keratoplasty. Polymerase chain reaction procedures were carried ...

The oxidation of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a very important redox reaction, as it has interesting biological properties and is also a powerful reductant. Ascorbic acid is a lactone with a 2,3-endiol group. The enolic group imparts acidity to the molecule; the enol group at position 3 has a pKa of 4.1 and the enol at position 2 has a pKa of 11.6. It is very effective as a reducing agent and i...

tetranychus urticae koch is an injurious pest of, fruit crops, crop plants as well as ornamental plants worldwide. the high reproductive potential of t. urticae and its fairly short life cycle along with the frequent application of acaricides usually required to maintain t. urticae populations below economic thresholds, facilitates the pest's resistance to acaricides, and consequently cont...