This study explores the differences in energy consumption between highly economically developed United States and underdeveloped Africa. conducted parameter estimation equilibrium analysis of a Lotka–Volterra model to investigate short-term long-term relations different types energy, respectively. The results show that nuclear increases fossil fuels but decreases fuel implies Africa can replace...

The development of the author’s concept International Flows Equilibrium Exchange Rate (IFEER) is basis for mathematical exchange rate modeling two interconnected equal economies. IFEER-concept allows dynamics relatively medium-term equilibrium and short- long-term disequilibrium. Discrete integral versions are further modeling. New structural models medium-, new final dependencies on system fun...

economic policy consists of various methodologies, approaches and models through which the economists devise strategies to influence the overall economy. the integration of theoretical and practical frameworks provides the ground for emerging new models which are a part of economic system of the countries.each economic model is a combination of specific methodology, theoretical bases and specia...

Two common means of controlling infectious diseases are screening and contact tracing. Which should be used, and when? We consider the problem of determining the cheapest mix of screening and contact tracing necessary to achieve a desired endemic prevalence of a disease or to identify a specified number of cases. We perform a partial equilibrium analysis of small-scale interventions, assuming t...

We build a simple model of trust as an equilibrium phenomenon, departing from standard “selfish” preferences in a minimal way. Agents who are on the receiving end of an offer to transact can choose whether to cheat and take away the entire surplus, taking into account a “cost of cheating.” The latter has an idiosyncratic component (an agent’s type), and a socially determined one. The smaller th...

I study a repeated principal–agent game with long‐term output contracts that can be renegotiated at will. Actions are observable but not contractible, so they only incentivized through implicit agreements formed in equilibrium. show contract renegotiation is powerful tool for incentive provision, despite the stationarity of environment. Continuation designed to punish deviations noncontractible...

This paper is concerned with the dynamics and productivity of biomass in a continuous microalgae culture contaminated by predators. We propose general model describing cultivation system where photolimited are grazed zooplankton. state necessary sufficient conditions for existence coexistence equilibrium. If this equilibrium exists, then predators converge either to it or globally asymptoticall...

in the present paper, we introduce and study a fuzzy vector equilibrium problem and prove some existence results with and without convexity assumptions by using some particular forms of results of textit{kim} and textit{lee} [w.k. kim and k.h. lee, generalized fuzzy games and fuzzy equilibria, fuzzy sets and systems, 122 (2001), 293-301] and textit{tarafdar} [e. tarafdar, fixed point theorems i...