In 2010, H14 influenza A viruses were recovered from clinically normal sea ducks in the United States. These are the first H14 isolates recovered in the Western Hemisphere and represent the only documented H14 influenza A viruses isolated since the original isolates were recovered from near the Caspian Sea during 1982.

The worldwide occurrence of complex climate-induced ecological shifts in marine systems is one of the major challenges in sustainable bio-resources management. The occurrence of ecological environment-driven shifts was studied in the Southern Caspian Sea using the "shiftogram" method on available fisheries-related (i.e. commercially important bentho-pelagic fish stocks) ecological and climatic ...

Gill chloride cells and prolactin hormone are of high importance in the adaptation of euryhaline fish. Guldenstati (Chalcalburnus chalcoides, 1772), an adromous fish, migrates from the Caspian Sea to rivers to have a more successful reproduction. The present study was aimed to evaluate the changes in the number and size of C. chalcoides gill chloride cells as well as to determine the relationsh...

Bream (Abramis brama, Berg, 1949; Family: Cyprinidae) is commercially valuable fish in the Caspian Sea fishing industry. Iranian Fisheries Organization annually produces and release up to 19 million Bream fries size for recruiting of this species. Its fries are mostly released into the Anzali wetland with 4 ppt salinity. Meanwhile, they sometimes are released into Sefidrood River (0.5 ppt), Sef...

caspian sea had been used a long time between iran and the soviet :union: based on agreements of 1920 and 1940, without international importance. after the soviet’s collapse and with increasing the countries of sea border from two to five, this lake was important due to geopolitical and geo-economical conditions. following these situations, the legal regime of caspian sea needed to be revised. ...