Most colonially breeding animals occupy colonies that range in size from a few pairs to thousands of individuals, but the causes of colony size variation are largely unknown. Three general hypotheses are: (1) that variation in colony size is maintained by fluctuating selection via spatial and temporal changes in fitness associated with different colony sizes; (2) that colony formation reflects ...

This paper proposes a critical discussion about the magic circle concept, through a debate with prior works on the issue, as those elaborated by Johan Huizinga and Katie Salen & Eric Zimmerman, as well as with cognitive psychology studies regarding attention. We shall argue that the magic circle, instead of separating fiction and reality, would work as a cognitive mediation structure with grade...

The Internet has been increasingly used to facilitate online business transactions between business entities and consumers for various products and services. One of the applications that has received much attention in the last few years is Online Grocery Shopping (OGS). However, the study of Online Grocery Shopping has been limited in number. To enrich the existing studies, this paper examines ...

The social contagion paradigm has demonstrated false memories occur for items when they are suggested to the participant during a collaborative recall phase. The current experiment examined the effect of perceptual elaboration (generation of sensory and elaborative details) and re-study (repeated encoding) on false memories in the social contagion paradigm. Participants either performed a perce...

The evaluation of error or uncertainty in shoreline change studies is an issue of prime importance for providing an adequate framework for calculated rates of change, and to allow the establishment of threshold values above which the rates would be significant. In this note a practical, easy-to-use method is presented to estimate error involved in the calculation of shoreline changes on aerial ...

The transmission of parasites and pathogens among vertebrates often depends on host population size, host species diversity, and the extent of crowding among potential hosts, but little is known about how these variables apply to most vector-borne pathogens such as the arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses). Buggy Creek virus (BCRV; Togaviridae: Alphavirus) is an RNA arbovirus transmitted by the...

different glasses suitable for temperature sensing in the fiber optic sensors were studied in this article. the phase changes for eight different glass materials were calculated and results were compared. our results showed that extra dense flint glass is the most sensitive one, while pure silica results in the lowest phase change. in another study the effect of wavelength on the phase variatio...