this paper extends the scope of algebraic computation based on a non standard × to the more basic case of a non standard +, where standard means associative and commutative. two physically meaningful examples of a non standard + are provided by the observation of motion in special relativity, from either outside (3d) or inside (2d or more), we revisit the “gyro”-theory of ungar to present the m...

simply check whether all coefficients 1 2 , ,..., n i i i c F  are zero. The problem becomes non-trivial when the polynomial is given in an implicit form, e.g. as determinant of a matrix with polynomial entries. One can compute the determinant polynomial to express it in the above form. However, the size of the polynomial can grow exponentially in this process and so this algorithm is exponent...

this paper describes a simple, physically-based conceptual model utilizing watershed drainage characteristics for rainfall-runoff simulation. this conceptual physiographic model is essentially based on the work of najafi (2003), which has led to a model compris-ing the main tributary subwatersheds and a single main channel subwatershed. the ki-nematic wave (kw) theory is used to describe flow o...

Consider the DFA on the right. It has a particular defined start state. However, we could start it from any of its states. If the original DFA was named M , define Mq to be the DFA with its start state changed to state q. Then the language Lq, is the one accepted if you start at q. For example, in this picture, L3 is (a+b)∗, and L6 is the same. Also, L2 and L5 are both b∗a(a+b)∗. Finally, L7 is...

Introduction: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an imaging method in which light source and detector are installed on the head; consequently, re-emission of light from human skin contains information about cerebral hemodynamic alteration. The spatial probability distribution profile of photons penetrating tissue at a source spot, scattering into the tissue, and being released at ...