PURPOSE To report the development of optic neuropathy after botulinum A toxin injection for restrictive myopathy from thyroid-related orbitopathy (TRO). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of three patients with TRO who underwent botulinum A toxin injection for restrictive myopathy and subsequently developed optic neuropathy. Development of optic neuropathy was measured by visual ...

Extraocular muscle involvement in orbital disease is most frequently seen as a feature of thyroid orbitopathy (Graves' disease). However, a wide range of other conditions may alter the size, shape, and function of these muscles, with characteristic clinical manifestations or abnormalities visible on orbital imaging. The differential diagnosis of muscle disease can be narrowed by careful analysi...

Basedowian orbitopathy is an autoimmune disease representing the most frequent extra-thyroidal manifestation. Its pathophysiology imperfectly elucidated and result of cross-reactivity between thyroid antigens orbital tissue. It frequently seen in context hyperthyroidism (basedow’s or Graves’ disease), sometimes hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), euthyroidism. Diagnosis often straightforw...