The objective of the study was to assess the dimensionality of seven linear traits (body condition score, body stature, body length, heart girth, navel height, body depth and flank circumference) in Nguni cows using factor analysis and indicate the relationship between the extracted latent variables and calving interval (CI) and age at first calving (AFC). The traits were measured between Decem...

The accurate definition of physiologic normality in man is a prerequisite to quantitation of disease. It has long been known that the total lung volume or a subdivision thereof of a person has limited significance as an isolated measurement unless it can be compared to a normal value. Although the ranges of normality of the various subdivisions, when expressed as a percentage of the normal tota...

Our understanding of leaf acclimation in relation to irradiance of fully grown or juvenile trees is mainly based on research involving tropical wet forest species. We studied sun-shade plasticity of 24 leaf traits of 43 tree species in a Bolivian dry deciduous forest. Sampling was confined to small trees. For each species, leaves were taken from five of the most and five of the least illuminate...

A procedure for both vertical canopy structure analysis and 3D single tree modelling based on Lidar point cloud is presented in this paper. The whole area of research is segmented into small study cells by a raster net. For each cell, a normalized point cloud whose point heights represent the absolute heights of the ground objects is generated from the original Lidar raw point cloud. The main t...

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical outcomes and biomechanical effects of total disc replacement (TDR) and posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) and to propose relative inclusion criteria. METHODS Thirty-five patients who underwent surgery between 2006 and 2008 were included. All patients had single-level disease and only radiculopathy. The overall sagittal balance and angle and height of a fun...

Standardized photographs (lateral and basal view) of fetal mandibles (n = 80) were taken. Outline segments (from gnathion to condylion, on the coronoid process and from infradentale to gnathion in lateral view; and on the inferior margin in basal view) were analyzed into sine curves, according to Fourier series. Using the calculated Fourier coefficients, we statistically examined how mandibular...

Computer modeling of 10 patients' computed tomographic scans was used to study the variables affecting hip arthroplasty range of motion before bony impingement (ROMBI) including acetabular offset and height, femoral offset, height and anteversion, and osteophyte removal. The ROMBI was compared with the ROM before component impingement and the native hip ROM. The ROMBI decreased with decreased t...