the present paper aims for the most part to prove the fact that religious and spiritual places and above all, mosques play major roles within islamic urban areas. they are in fact the basis of civil infrastructures. a historical analysis focusing on where mosques stand in islamic urban areas reveals that mosques have always been the center of development and growth and that they must be studied...

Our modern society is filled with stressful stimuli that impact our daily lives, and lead to problems that eventually threaten our mental and psychological wellbeing. Expanding urban life and urbanizing people's interactions have drastically increased and resulted in more stressful circumstances. Unfortunately, the role of nature and nature-based design in our urban societies as an alternative ...

Abstract Although the exploration of infrastructure has become a main focus urban-centered studies and urban theory over last decade, it only been partially adopted into design planning education. Here, traditional curriculum architecture, planning, landscape offers emerging professionals limited guidance tools for exploring analyzing complex assemblages constituting systems that create, run, s...

this study explores identity elements of tehran province in travel writings with concentration on symbols in urban planning and architecture. on one hand, symbolic representation of a city plays a crucial role in identity making and on the other hand special provinces and cities like tehran are important in echoing contemporary iranian national identity and are highly closed to today’s iran. in...

one of the fundamental notions of realization of sustainable city within the framework of the theory of sustainable development is what affects the urban green spaces as well as the influence they may have. as the upshot of years’ worth of experiences in the ideology of iranian urban design, iranian garden is of magnificently high position which possesses the potentials to act as the green spac...

1 Functional Reuse and Intensification of Rural-Urban Context: Rural Architectural Urbanism Tiziano Cattaneo, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Roberto De Lotto, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Elisabetta Maria Venco, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia,...