A hybrid life cycle-based trans-boundary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions footprint is elucidated at the city-scale and evaluated for 8 US cities. The method incorporates end-uses of energy within city boundaries, plus cross-boundary demand for airline/freight transport and embodied energy of four key urban materials [food, water, energy (fuels), and shelter (cement)], essential for life in all c...

A hybrid life cycle-based trans-boundary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions footprint is elucidated at the city-scale and evaluated for 8 US cities. The method incorporates end-uses of energy within city boundaries, plus cross-boundary demand for airline/freight transport and embodied energy of four key urban materials [food, water, energy (fuels), and shelter (cement)], essential for life in all c...

This paper examines the relationship between growth and poverty in Iran during the first five-year plan. In other words, effort has been made to show whether economic growth in Iran helped poor people or not. For this purpose the concept of pro poor growth has been analyzed with application to the economy of Iran, both in urban and rural areas and in the country as a whole. We use an indicator ...

In this paper we study a two-phase free boundary problem for a semilinear elliptic equation on a bounded domain $Dsubset mathbb{R}^{n}$ with smooth boundary‎. ‎We give some results on the growth of solutions and characterize the free boundary points in terms of homogeneous harmonic polynomials using a fundamental result of Caffarelli and Friedman regarding the representation of functions whose ...

in the urban history of iran, “mashroote” era (the constitutional revolution) is considered as a turning point. in this period, the government had an organized and purposeful interference in the urban development of the country. another organized interference of the government, happened in 1960s. the effects of these movements were very significant in the growth of urban patterns and in the urb...

A hybrid life cycle-based trans-boundary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions footprint is elucidated at the city-scale and evaluated for 8 US cities. The method incorporates end-uses of energy within city boundaries, plus cross-boundary demand for airline/freight transport and embodied energy of four key urban materials [food, water, energy (fuels), and shelter (cement)], essential for life in all c...

Managing and modelling urban growth is a multi-faceted problem. Cities are now recognised as complex systems through which non-linear and dynamic processes, emergence and self-organisation occur. The design of a system that can handle these complexities is a challenging prospect. This paper presents an urban planning tool for the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. At the core of the system is a Fuzz...

Bangladesh is still a low urbanized country although it experienced a rising trend in the level of urbanization throughout the twentieth century and had a remarkably high urban growth immediately after its independence in 1971. The country recorded the highest ever annual average growth rate (9.04) and percentage of interval variation (137.57%) in an urban population in 1974; thereafter, growth...

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. Knowing the precise boundary for the growth/no growth interface of S. aureus and also determining the period of time needed for bacterial growth initiation is necessary for food safety risk assessment. This study was designed to examine the combined effects of temperature, acetic acid, inoculum level and NaC...

Urban sprawl in developing countries changes urban land use structure and function, threatens the sustainable development of regional ecology security patterns city landscapes. A new way to control is develop a comprehensive landscape plan, analyze factors influencing growth, optimize demarcate growth boundary. Here, we Xi’an, China, as case study scenarios pattern spatial explore zoning. We co...