Asymptomatic chronic retinal vein occlusion that occurs in chronic simple glaucoma is described. The condition is characterized by marked elevation of retinal vein pressure with collateral vessels and vein loops at the optic disc in cases of central vein occlusion, or retinal veno-venous anastomoses along a horizontal line temporal and nasal to the disc in hemisphere vein occlusion. No patient ...

Leaf venation architecture is tremendously diverse across plant species. Understanding the hydraulic functions of given venation traits can clarify the organization of the vascular system and its adaptation to environment. Using a spatially explicit model (the program K_leaf), we subjected realistic simulated leaves to modifications and calculated the impacts on xylem and leaf hydraulic conduct...

Vitelline veins are a pair of embryonic structures. The veins develop the portal vein system. Serious problems occur if the vitelline vein does not regress and becomes an aneurysm. Thrombus formation in the vitelline vein aneurysm could lead to portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension unless promptly and correctly treated. Though vitelline vein aneurysm is an extremely rare anomaly, it ra...

A persistent sciatic artery is a rare anomaly. On the other hand, a persistent sciatic vein is frequently associated with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. In a 71-year-old female with a complete-type persistent sciatic artery aneurysm, we performed aneurysmectomy and right femoropopliteal bypass surgery. The right popliteal vein drained into the femoral vein via a lower-type persistent sciatic vein ...

When there is no pulmonary vein reconnection after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, patients can experience recurrence of atrial fibrillation without clear evidence of non-pulmonary vein foci. We describe a patient with significant pulmonary vein stenosis and recurrent atrial fibrillation after four ablation procedures. After successful pulmonary vein stenting, the symptoms were resol...

This is an observation of anomaly of the jugular veins system bilaterally. Both right and left external jugular veins drained into the subclavian veins. The right anterior jugular vein drained into the confluence of internal jugular and the subclavian veins as they join to form the right brachiocephalic vein. The left anterior jugular vein drained into the internal jugular vein just before it j...

the iranian east magmatic assemblage (iema) in the central lut region, hosted porphyry and vein-type polymetallic mineralization. the galechah-shurab mining district is located in nw of the iema. volcanic and subvolcanic bodies in the area are composed of calc-alkaline porphyry quartz-latite, porphyry dacite and rhyodacite and hornblende-biotite andesite, equivalent to i-type granite. they empl...

We present an unusual case of a scalp vein detected by using angiography of the internal carotid artery. The vein arose from the superior sagittal sinus and drained into the deep posterior cervical vein via the parietal emissary vein. This scalp vein may be a collateral pathway for venous sinuses; however, the patient had no evidence of venous sinus occlusive disease or intracranial hypertension.

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to analyze characteristics of patients with bilateral internal jugular vein thrombosis in our department during a 1-year period. Internal jugular vein thrombosis refers to an intraluminal thrombus occurring anywhere from the intracranial internal jugular vein to the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein, which form the brachiocephalic ...