The hybrid vertical-cavity laser is a potential low current, high-efficiency, and small footprint light source for silicon photonics integration. As part of the development of such light sources we demonstrate hybrid-cavity VCSELs (HC-VCSELs) on silicon where a GaAs-based half-VCSEL is attached to a dielectric distributed Bragg reflector on silicon by adhesive bonding. HC-VCSELs at 850 nm with ...

We show that vertical integration decisions of managers may affect adversely consumers even in the absence of monopoly power in either supply or product markets. This effect is most likely to come about when demand is initially high and there is a negative supply shock or when demand is low and there is a positive demand shock. The results are robust to the introduction of active shareholders a...

We investigate the strategic incentives for partial vertical integration, namely, partial ownership agreements between manufacturers and retailers, when the retailers privately know their costs and engage in differentiated good price competition. The partial misalignment between the profit objectives within a partially integrated manufacturer-retailer hierarchy entails a higher retail price tha...

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We study how the vertical industry structure affects investment in network quality and social welfare, with a focus on the prospective deployment of high-speed broadband access networks (the so-called NGA). We model pros and cons of vertical separation, namely, procompetitive effects and loss of some efficiencies of vertical integration, and distinguish functional separation from ownership sepa...

Tackling environmental problems demands the development of new modes of integrating policy regimes and institutional structures. Putative moves from government to governance, characterised by the diffusion of state power and duties from hierarchical state structures into multi-level and cross-sectoral networks, promise to open up opportunities for the vertical and horizontal integration of envi...

Integrated care is provided by professionals with different disciplines, competencies and degree of specialization with the first objective to promote cooperation and with a final objective to promote quality and efficiency of care. Following the degree of integration four models can be distinguished: no integration, linkage, coordination and full integration. An optimal degree exists for integ...