Introduction: The aim of this paper is to review integration experience in general dentistry curriculum in the world universities in the twenty-first century and advantage of it to review the same curriculum in Iran. Method: In this study, a qualitative method is used. First, by library research and the analysis and interpretation of data, integration of the dental curriculum were some prestig...

We examine vertical backward integration in a reducedform model of successive oligopolies. Our key findings are: (i) There may be asymmetric equilibria where some firms integrate and others remain separated, even if firms are symmetric initially; (ii) Efficient firms are more likely to integrate vertically. As a result, integrated firms also tend to have a large market share. The driving force ...

A framework is proposed that develops the dimensions of vertical integration strated and proposes key factors that might augment their uses within various scenarios. These represent new hypotheses and conjectures about make-or-buy decisions that require empirical testing. If the framework is valid, strategists could formulate better hybrid vertical integration strategies by recogniang the hypot...