The nonperturbative aspects of string theory are explored for noncritical string in two distinct formulations, loop equations and matrix models. The effects corresponding to the D-brane in these formulations are especially investigated in detail. It is shown that matrix models can universally yield a definite value of the chemical potential for an instanton while loop equations cannot. This imp...

The Beautiful Firetail (Stagonopleura bella) is an uncommon, granivorous finch from coastal south-eastern Australia, with a distribution extending from mid-coastal New South Wales to south-eastern South Australia, including Tasmania. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of habitat use by the Beautiful Firetail based on data collected from 30 paired riparian and non-riparian sites in th...

The nonperturbative aspects of string theory are explored for noncritical string in two distinct formulations, loop equations and matrix models. The effects corresponding to the D-brane in these formulations are especially investigated in detail. It is shown that matrix models can universally yield a definite value of the chemical potential for an instanton while loop equations cannot. This imp...

rijab valley, located in 180 km west of kermanshah, is considered to be one of the tourists centers of kermanshah because of having various landscapes and monuments. however, the results of one of the field studies of 157 tourist subjects show that the majority of the tourists do not know much about all the attractions of the valley. in a way that about 31.2% of the tourists were not aware of t...

This article focused on issues relating to the career transitioning of students with visual impairments (SVIs). This article utilized a narrative-integrative research design.  Literature review shows that many educators and other stakeholders in the transition process are still unaware of the difficulties that SVIs experience.  Literature shows a mixed attitude on the part of some educators tow...

Recent decades have witnessed the growing use of non-native plants in Iran while their use is very challenging and high-cost for the country. This raised a new approach in recent decades towards the use of native plants. Native species are precious because they possess the main ecological factors and they are already compatible with the region. Accordingly, this research was conducted to evalua...

This article revisits the operation of Football (Offences) Act (FOA) 1991 30 years after its enactment. FOA was introduced following recommendations Taylor Report 1990 as part a raft measures looking to balance spectator safety against threat football crowd disorder. Providing targeted and largely uncontroversial restrictions on spectators, seemingly popular with police clubs, criminalises thro...

Peer-to-peer content distribution systems have been enjoying great popularity, and are now gaining momentum as a means of disseminating video streams over the Internet. In many of these protocols, including the popular BitTorrent, content is split into mostly fixed-size pieces, allowing a client to download data from many peers simultaneously. This makes piece size potentially critical for perf...

What is a combinatorial game? The usual definition is a game in which (i) there are two players moving alternately; (ii) there are no chance devices and both players have perfect information; (iii) the rules are such that the game must eventually end; and (iv) there are no draws, and the winner is determined by who moves last. In this section, two master expositors lead us through many examples...