All-optical logic gates (AO-LGs) are the key elements that play a pivotal role in development of future all-optical networks and computing. A complete overview seven (i.e., AND, OR, NOT, XOR, XNOR, NAND, NOR) based on their design techniques applications covered, including latest technologies, such as topological photonics artificial intelligence-based designs techniques. In addition, we have f...

Abstract We have investigated the spin-Hall effect (SHE)-assisted spin transfer torque (STT) switching mechanism in a three-terminal MTJ device developed using p-MTJ (perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction) and heavy metal materials of high atomic number, which possesses large spin–orbit interaction. Using schematic complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) logic, we designed three basic h...

Compact waveguide crossing is a fundamental component of optoelectronic fusion chip solutions due to its orders-of-magnitude smaller footprint than that conventional photonic integrated circuits. In this paper, we suggest 2 × compact silicon-on-silica waveguides can implement all the Boolean logic functions, including XOR, AND, OR, NOT, NOR, XNOR, and NAND, operated at 1.55 μm. Three input wave...

Visual Cryptography and biometrics have been identified as the two most important aspects of digital security. In this paper, we propose a method for the preparation and secure transmission of fingerprint images using visual cryptography scheme. Visual cryptography (VC) is a kind of secret image sharing scheme that uses the human visual system to perform the decryption computations. A visual cr...

Fully convolutional neural networks give accurate, per-pixel prediction for input images and have applications like semantic segmentation. However, a typical FCN usually requires lots of floating point computation and large run-time memory, which effectively limits its usability. We propose a method to train Bit Fully Convolution Network (BFCN), a fully convolutional neural network that has low...

As today’s modern autonomous robots consist of many sensors, multiple processors and artificial intelligence software. For this, it draws data from the input sensor process them into meaningful information with help an on board microcontroller unit, MCU otherwise known as processor. It is also responsible for taking decisions based provided by sensors therefore, tells output devices how to func...

Reversible logic has attracted tremendous interest among the researchers in low power VLSI field due to their simple structure and improved energy efficiency. In this paper, the implementation of an 8-bit low power multiplier based on reversible gate technology is reported. The structure of the reversible gate multiplier consists of following components: the first part is the reversible partial...

Reversible logic plays an important role in emerging low power designs and quantum computing. This paper presents an efficient way to realize reversible arithmetic circuits especially targeting toward reversible arithmetic logic unit (RALU). In literature for reversible logic, not a significant advancement is found in integrating both logical and arithmetical functions, commonly known as arithm...

Digital controlled oscillators (DCOs) are the core of all digital phase locked loop (ADPLL) circuits. Here, DCO structures with reduced hardware and power consumption having full digital control have been proposed. Three different DCO architectures have been proposed based on ring based topology. Three, four and five bit controlled DCO with NMOS, PMOS and NMOS & PMOS transistor switching networ...