the credit portfolio management and the optimal credit portfolio selection are identified as one of the most effective factors in banks’ credit risk. two main strategies in this regard include diversification versus concentration. in this study, at first, the status of diversification of iran’s banking sector is analyzed, then the relationship between diversification of the credit portfolio and...

Arbitrage opportunities exist when it is possible to generate a nonnegative income stream without incurring any costs. This is, for instance, the case when it is possible to buy a portfolio of assets that costs nothing today and that will yield a positive payoff in the future. It is a widespread belief that, as long as there are no market frictions, arbitrage opportunities cannot exist. The rea...

This paper evaluates out-of-sample dynamic portfolio performance to examine the economic value of exploiting time variation in the risk premium and in the volatility of stock returns to a multiperiod investor. We find that ignoring time variation in these return moments leads to significant utility costs. The time-varying risk premium plays a more important role than time-varying volatility in ...

The replicating portfolio approach is a well-established approach carried out by many life insurance companies within their Solvency II framework for the computation of risk capital. In this note, we elaborate on one specific formulation of a replicating portfolio problem. In contrast to the two most popular replication approaches, it does not yield an analytic solution (if, at all, a solution ...

Academics and practitioners alike have developed numerous techniques for benchmarking investment returns to properly adjust seemingly-high numbers for excessive levels of risk. The same, however, can not be said for liquidity, or the lack thereof. This paper develops a model for analyzing the ex ante liquidity premium demanded by the holder of an illiquid annuity. The annuity is an insurance pr...

I study how growth affects liquidity of global stock exchanges and how liquidity determines cross-sectional returns on those stock exchange index portfolios. I measure portfolio liquidity by turnover ratio computed as value of shares traded over the market capitalization. I obtain data from FIBV, an association of global stock exchanges. In a multiple regression model for turnover ratio, I find...

This paper develops efficient methods for computing portfolio value-at-risk (VAR) when the underlying risk factors have a heavy-tailed distribution. In modeling heavy tails, we focus on multivariate t distributions and some extensions thereof. We develop two methods for VAR calculation that exploit a quadratic approximation to the portfolio loss, such as the delta-gamma approximation. In the fi...

the portfolio is a perfect combination of stock or assets, which an investor buys them. the objective of the portfolio is to divide the investment risk among several shares. using non-parametric dea and dea-r methods can be of great significance in estimating portfolio. in the present paper, the efficient portfolio is estimated by using non-radial dea and dea-r models. by proposing non-radial m...