Hormogonia are nongrowing filaments, motile by means of a gliding mechanism, that are produced by certain cyanobacteria. Their differentiation is induced by positive and negative factors for growth, such as deprivation of combined nitrogen (nitrogen stress induction [NSI]). In Nostoc punctiforme, they are also induced by the exudate (hormogonium-inducing factor [HIF]) of a symbiotic plant partn...

We study the detection prospects of relatively light charged scalars in radiative Majorana neutrino mass models, such as Zee model and its variants using scalar leptoquarks, at current future telescopes. In particular, we show that these mediators can give rise to Glashow-like resonance features ultra-high energy (UHE) event spectrum IceCube observatory high-energy upgrade IceCube-Gen2. The sam...

Many new physics scenarios predict the existence of extra charged gauge boson $ W'$, which can induce charged-current (CC) non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI). We investigate constraints on CC NSI in model-independent fashion via considering W'$ contributions to lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays $\ell_{i}\rightarrow \ell_{j}\gamma$, pure leptonic conservation (FC) \ell_{j}\nu_{i}\bar{\n...

This paper presents and develops a generalized concept of Non-Strict Independent And Parallelism (NSIAP). NSIAP extends the applicability of Independent And-Parallelism (IAP) by enlarging the class of goals which are eligible for parallel execution. At the same time it maintains IAP's ability to run non-deterministic goals in parallel and to preserve the computational complexity expected in the...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) strains predominantly use the chemokine receptor CCR5, while syncytium-inducing (SI) strains use CXCR4. In vitro, SI isolates infect and replicate in a range of CD4(+) CXCR4(+) T-cell lines, whereas NSI isolates usually do not. Here we describe three NSI strains that are able to infect two CD4(+) T-cell lines, Molt4 and Su...

Individual changes in heat production and body temperature were studied in response to cold exposure, prior to shivering. The subjects ten women (seven men) were of normal weight, had a mean age of 23 (SD 3) years and average BMI 22.2 (SD 1.6) Kg/m2. They were lying supine under thermoneutral conditions for 30 min and were subsequently exposed to air of 15 degrees C until shivering occurred. He...

Fifty percent of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) progress to AIDS in the presence of only non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) variants. These rapidly replicating NSI isolates are associated with a high viral load. The question of whether disease progression in the absence of syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV-1 variants is associated with an expansion of the coreceptor r...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the frequency of needle stick injuries (NSI) among health care workers (nurses, student nurses and paramedical staff) in public hospitals of Karachi. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional, observational. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY This study was conducted in three public tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, from November 2007 to January 2008. METHODOLOGY Data was collected by...