Formal models prove the possibility of positive feedback in collective action; the metaphors of historically minded observers convey the same insight. It is still neglected in the literature on social movements, which emphasizes exogenous factors—above all, political opportunities—rather than endogenous processes. This paper draws on an intensive investigation of strikes for the eight-hour day ...

Not the Opium of the People: Income and Secularization in a Panel of Prussian Counties The interplay between religion and the economy has occupied social scientists for long. We construct a unique panel of income and Protestant church attendance for six waves of up to 175 Prussian counties spanning 1886-1911. The data reveal a marked decline in church attendance coinciding with increasing incom...

Psolus murrayi Théel, 1886 was one of the multiple species described from specimens collected by HMS Challenger Expedition. This placed in , genus with dorsal scales. Among holothuroids, there are some taxa that have a dense presence ossicles, which gives them psolid-like appearance. From different ossicles and absence scales on side, we here redescribe now, known as Echinopsolus (Théel, 1886) ...

Przedmiotem artykułu jest nieznana i nierozpoznana część kolekcji Stanisława Latanowicza (1886–1935), którą w 1938 r. Zarząd Miasta Poznania kupił z przeznaczeniem do zbiorów Biblioteki Raczyńskich Muzeum Miejskiego. Dzięki opracowanemu ostatnio inwentarzowi przechowywanego Archiwum Państwowym Poznaniu zespołu „Zbiór dokumentów pergaminowych papierowych różnej proweniencji” udało się zidentyfik...