The article presents the main types of electricity losses depending on operating parameters and distribution networks, as well their structural components. existing methods obtaining information about in 220-110-35-10-0.4 kV volume measurements at substations various voltage classes are described

We show that the problem of predicting t steps of the 1D cellular automaton Rule 110 is P-complete. The result is found by showing that Rule 110 simulates deterministic Turing machines in polynomial time. As a corollary we find that the small universal Turing machines of Mathew Cook run in polynomial time, this is an exponential improvement on their previously known simulation time overhead.

The Trid neighbourhood is a three cell neighbourhood on a 2dimensional lattice, and is a subset of the Quad neighbourhood. I show that, with an appropriately prepared initial configuration of “diagonal stripes”, a given elementary CA can be simulated by the two state Trid neighbourhood CA whose local update rule is precisely that of the elementary CA. Thus, invoking Cook’s universality result f...