background: the main goal of the present study was to develop a new sensitive and specific pcr based method for identification of cryptosporidium sp. using novel primers from 18s ribosomal rna. cryptosporidi­osis in high-risk host groups particularly in neonates and immuno-compromised individuals may result in death. to the best of our knowledge this is the first study regarding develop a new p...

association of satellite rna with cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) leads to either attenuation or enhancement of the viral symptoms. for detection of the satellite rnas in iranian isolates of cmv, plant samples showing viral symptoms were collected from different farms in the provinces of east- and west- azerbayjan and ardebil. these samples were inoculated onto the experimental host plants in green...

objective: influenza virus a (h1n1) is an important subtype of the influenza respiratory viruses, which has important worldwide implications. hemagglutinin (ha), an important viral antigen, is responsible for binding to human cell receptors leading to an onset of the disease process. considering the critical role of viral attachment, this study focuses on the extraction and cloning of ha and it...

fusarium head blight (fhb) or wheat scab is one of the destructive diseases that cause considerable loss in grain quality in cereal cultivated around the worldwide due to the production of trichotecen mycotoxin in the panicle. type b trichothecenes including nivalenol (niv), deoxynivalenol (don), 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-acdon) and 15-deoxynivalenol (15-acdon) are considered to be major toxin...

background and objectives: dna ladder contains dna fragments of different length but with known size, used to determine the size of unknown dna molecules. different dna ladders are available for expected dna length. conserved sequences were selected for design of primers to generate dna fragments of known specific size. materials and methods: in this study, we describe a method by which dna lad...