Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), which has long been used to evaluate the status of the axillary nodes, is known to be associated with a high morbidity rate (Kell et al., 2010). Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has successfully replaced ALND for evaluation of the axilla in breast cancer patients with clinically negative axilla (Kell et al., 2010). However, ALND performed in SLNBpositive ...

The etiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is multifactorial. Genetic factors, diet, occupational exposure, and life style have been implicated in the development of these cancers (Gillison, 2007). Although tobacco and alcohol consumption are traditionally considered the main risk factors in the majority of all HNSCC, infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is thought to pl...

In numerous and high-profile studies, researchers have recently begun to integrate computational models into the analysis of data from experiments on reward learning and decision making (Platt and Glimcher, 1999; O’Doherty et al., 2003; Sugrue et al., 2004; Barraclough et al., 2004; Samejima et al., 2005; Daw et al., 2006; Li et al., 2006; Frank et al., 2007; Tom et al., 2007; Kable and Glimche...

Having the correct number of centrosomes is crucial for proper chromosome segregation during cell division and for the prevention of aneuploidy, a hallmark of many cancer cells. Several recent studies (Basto et al., 2008; Kwon et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2008) reveal the importance of mechanisms that protect against the consequences of harboring too many centrosomes.

References: [1] E.J. Slow, et al, “Selective striatal neuronal loss in a YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease.,” Hum Mol Genet, vol. 12, 2003, p. 1555―67. [2] J.M. Van Raamsdonk, et al, “Selective degeneration and nuclear localization of mutant huntingtin in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease.,” Hum Mol Genet, vol. 14, 2005, p. 3823―35. [3] J.P. Lerch, et al, “Automated deformatio...

Recent years have seen remarkable progress in research and development of metal nanoparticles (NPs) that takes advantage of their unique optical, magnetic, electronic, catalytic and other physicochemical properties, in a wide range of practical and potential applications such as energy, environmental, biomedical and chemical engineering (Feldheim & Foss, 2002; Ma et al., 2006; Jena & Raj, 2008;...

Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infections are prevalent worldwide (Stamm 2008), with 92 million new chlamydia cases occured every year: 3–4 million new cases occur every year in the US, 5 million in Western Europe, and 16 million in Sub-Saharan Africa (World Health Organization 2001; Weinstock et al., 2004). Chlamydia prevalence has been reported to range from 3%–7% among asymptomatic popu...