in this study, one basic question will be answered: why were women officially considered being the subject of policy making decisions in reza khan era? the answer should be found in the particular logic of the discourse of that time which was “archeological nationalism”. the discourse is based on racist theory and understands social and cultural issues on the same basis. during the gap emerged ...

THIS BOOK examines the constitutional dimensions of the welfare debate in America. The precise shape of state-facilitated welfare here and elsewhere will depend on results of policy experiments either under way or anticipated and on the contest among philosophic frameworks for describing those results. Because I share to some limited extent the conventional view that constitutional questions di...

The constitution-making processes and trajectories of the East-Central European democracies have been more challenging than often supposed. Consolidation allegedly rests on ‘liberal consensus’ that emerged after communism. This consensus has much less robust widespread believed increasingly confronted with illiberal counter-forces. article contributes to a critical discussion constitutional pol...

ThisArticle broadly examines the conservative Rehnquist Court's federalism doctrines and, in doing so, explores the connections between judicial conservatism and a commitment to federalism. Three conclusions emerge First, although the Court has moved aggressively to advance federalism through well-known doctrines, it frequently proves more substantively conservative than it does profederalism w...

in iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. this es...