— While biotechnology innovation is concentrated in high income, ‘‘Tier I’’ countries, international diffusion of innovations to improve the diet, health, and incomes of the poorest will be largely driven by ‘‘Tier II’’ innovators such as China and Brazil. Adoption of beneficial biotechnologies in ‘‘Tier II’’ and ‘‘Tier III’’ countries will increase as more transgenic versions of conventionally...

This paper analyzes whether there is evidence of a poverty trap driven by credit constraints and non-linearities in the return to capital in rural China in the 1990s, estimating the effect of positive income shocks experienced by rural households as a result of increases in the price paid for mandatory grain quota sales. Households were required to sell part of their grain output to the state a...

this article examines the livelihood strategies of land scarce peasants in ethiopian. land scarce peasants have a limited livelihood security on a sustainable manner and bypassed by major development programmes. the study was centred on two sets of rationales. first, for those peasants who do not have sufficient farmland, agriculture provides only a limited portion of households’ livelihood sec...

guided by the principle that Americans should not be hungry or malnourished because they cannot afford a nutritious diet. Food assistance programs help to provide food and meet nutritional requirements for individuals and households that are vulnerable due to low income or other circumstances. Originally initiated in the early 1930s, with the primary objective to dispose of surplus agricultural...

People with low incomes tend to make less healthy consumption choices than do high income people. In the case of food, agricultural economists have investigated whether this is due to the cost of a healthy diet. Studies of various aspects of the nutrition-income nexus have generally been inconclusive. We investigate a different possibility, motivated by the fact that low income individuals are ...

iran is one of the most energy-rich countries subsidizing energy carriers, especially in the agricultural sector, to the extent that the resulting growth is at the expense of the environment. this study tries to investigate the potential impacts of energy price reform on the agro-environment, based on the marginal abatement costs (macs) of emissions. firstly, the energy demand function of the a...

Agribusiness managers as the major players in the agricultural industry greatly determine agribusiness practices and affectperception about agricultural sustainability. This study develops a framework to analyze how agribusiness students, the future agribusiness managers, in California view sustainable agriculture. An educational program was created and implemented to raise awareness and educat...

Agricultural research has transformed agriculture and in doing so contributed to the transformation of economies. Economic issues arise because agricultural research is subject to various market fail­ ures, because the resulting innovations and technological changes have important economic consequences for net income and its distri­ bution, and because the consequences are difficult to discern ...