Total factor productivity (TFP) has emerged as an important source of agriculture growth. However, this area remained neglected by researchers as well as policy makers in Pakistan. The studies which have estimated agriculture TFP growth in Pakistan are very few and they have tended to overstate it by ignoring the variation in capacity utilization, hours worked and improvement in labour producti...

By the time the Uruguay Round was commenced in 1986, agricultural protection in major economies, such as European Economic Commission, subsequently European Union, Japan and the USA had become common. In the case of Japan, given the very high opportunity cost of such protection, food security was the major concern; though politically it became connected to protecting the farmers, who had dispro...

This is an attempt, through the review of literature, to understand the history and characteristics of the Indian agriculture sector, its transition from traditional to commercial agriculture and the problems it faces. Modern agricultural practices and the relationship with environmental depletion have also been assessed. The article discusses some of the developmental challenges faced by the I...

Indian economy is rural in character. This is evident from the fact that a very high proportion of the population is living in rural areas. Further two-thirds of its workforce is engaged in agricultural and allied activities, which contribute about 27% of India’s gross domestic product. In a predominantly agrarian country like India, rural development is a sine qua non for national development....

FOR MOST COUNTRIES, HIGH PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR HAS BEEN A KEY DRIVER of structural transformation promoting long-term economic growth. Historically, low agricultural productivity growth has hindered economic growth and employment creation in the Philippines, where agriculture—which accounts for one-third of employment—remains a key sector. Climate change has the potenti...

Although Japan is well known as an industrialized country rather than an agricultural one, agriculture is treated as a very important sector for its cultural and environmental perspectives. Only 15% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation, but the agricultural economy is highly subsidized and protected. With per unit area crop yields among the highest in the world, agriculture sector still ...

This paper documents a significant impact of climate variation on urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa, primarily in arid countries. By lowering farm incomes, reduced moisture availability encourages migration to nearby cities, while wetter conditions slow it. The paper also provides evidence for ruralurban linkages. In countries where cities are starting to develop an industrial base, reduced mo...

Globally, ministries of agriculture, universities, and the private sector employ more than 600,000 extension agents (Swanson, Farmer, and Bahal 1990). In the past, extension services, largely public, were equated with the transfer of agricultural production technology in pre-determined “packages”. Extension systems are now understood to be much broader and more diverse, including public and pri...

This chapter reviews the prospects and challenges facing the agricultural sector in Sub-Saharan Africa over the next decade. It reviews sector performance, outlines the current market context, provides detailed quantitative medium term projections for the ten-year period 2016-25, and assesses key risks and uncertainties. The outlook for agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa is situated in the conte...